动物实验,肿瘤 z-bo 2020-08-28 418

　　The term "cancer character" has a very solid mass foundation in society. Many people are convinced that people with certain personality traits (such as neuroticism, irritability, pessimism, or withdrawn) are more likely to be the targets of cancer hunting, and being cheerful and optimistic can help prevent and treat cancer. Is there any basis for this view?

　　Cancer death is a daunting topic. More than ten years ago, the World Health Organization proposed three “1/3” explanations for cancer, that is, 1/3 of cancer patients can prevent the occurrence of cancer through primary prevention; 1/3 of cancers through secondary prevention can significantly improve survival Rate, even radical cure; 1/3 of cancer can improve survival rate through reasonable comprehensive treatment. "This viewpoint was put forward more than 10 years ago, and it seems very far-sighted.

　　The tumor of "Happy Mouse" has become smaller and even disappeared

　　In 2010, "Cell" magazine published the findings of a foreign laboratory. The laboratory staff put a group of mice in a "rich living environment", that is, there are a variety of toys that mice love in the cage. There are more than 8 mice in each cage to ensure that they can interact and live their lives. The mice in this state are called "happy mice".

　　Comparing "happy mice" with control mice, the researchers found that the tumors of "happy mice" became smaller, proving that benign mental stimulation actually inhibited tumors. Researchers have suggested a "magic pathway": benign stimulation of the cerebral cortex-hippocampus ("happy mice" have high expression of "brain-derived neurotrophic factors")-autonomic nerves (mainly sympathetic nerves)-adipose tissue (adipocytes) -Suppress the tumor. The experiment involves melanoma, pancreatic cancer, colon polyposis, etc.

　　adult mouse brain

　　Researchers also created a "rich living environment" during the breeding process of laboratory mice, placing mazes, toys, houses, and pulleys in the breeding cages. Under infrared photography, the reporter saw that the mice not only played during the day, but also played frequently at night and were active; while the mice in the control group appeared calm and even a little sluggish.

　　in conclusion

　　Comparing the two groups of mice, it was found that the tumor weight of the "happy mice" was lower than that of the control group. Some tumors not only became smaller, but also disappeared. The melanoma, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer involved in the experiment have similar conditions. Among them, the tumor inhibition rate of melanoma was 43.1%, the tumor inhibition rate of Panc02 pancreatic cancer was 58.2%, and the tumor inhibition rate of Lewis lung cancer was 36.5%. Researchers also found high expression of “brain-derived neurotrophic factor” in the hypothalamus of “happy mice”.

　　In several sporadic laboratories around the world, scientists are obtaining new evidence that the central regulatory system is associated with tumors. The Shanghai Cancer Research Institute recently discovered that “benign mental stimulation may change the metabolism of cancer cells and at the same time affect the immune system.” This suggests that mental behavior may have an impact on tumors.

　　It is necessary for us to revisit the tumor.

　　There is growing evidence that cancer is a systemic disease.

　　Cancer is a systemic disorder characterized by abnormal growth of local tissues.

　　Cancer will spread throughout the body

　　The human body has two systemic regulatory systems: the central regulatory system and the peripheral regulatory system. The central regulatory system includes the body's hormone system (adrenal glands, gonads, thyroid, and other hormone organs); the autonomic nervous system, where there are sympathetic nerves, parasympathetic nerves, and control immune organs, thymus, spleen, etc. This is like the "central government" in the body. The peripheral regulatory system exists in various organs, such as liver, pancreas, digestive tract, lung, kidney, skin, adipose tissue, etc. This is like the "local government" in the body. This peripheral regulation system is exactly what foreign countries have ignored.

　　Shanghai Cancer Research Institute pays attention to and studies these two systems at the same time. Zhang Zhigang's research team found that the liver has non-neural origin neurotransmitters and their receptors, hormones and their receptors and a regulatory network of the local immune system. Previous research and development have found that fat cells can synthesize estrogen and insulin-promoting hormones, which means that non-endocrine cells can also secrete hormones. These findings suggest that there may be one or more sets of neurotransmitter-hormone-immune regulation systems at the organ level.

　　to sum up

　　An academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Professor Gu Jianren from Shanghai Cancer Research Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, made a vivid metaphor: the formation of a tumor is the "inaction" of the central regulatory system and the regulatory system of peripheral organs/tissues. Indiscriminate actions", tumors are "underworld", self-expanding, undermining social stability, and undermining the police system (immune system). The human immune system is supposed to attack cancer cells, and as a result, it is "instigated" by the tumor and becomes its protective umbrella. "The tumor is like forming an independent kingdom in the body, which is the root cause of the intractable tumor."

　　temperament optimism and anticipatory treatment of tumor

　　Previous studies regarded unrealistic optimism as a research bias; in early cancer clinical trials, this bias may affect the informed consent of patients or subjects. However, optimism is not a single structure; it can also be defined as a general tendency, or so-called dispositional optimism. In a recent study published on Cancer, researchers assessed whether temperamental optimism is related to the patient's or subject's high expectations of personal treatment effects (rather than treatment misunderstandings) in early cancer clinical trials.

　　It was found that temperamental optimism is significantly related to higher expectations of personal therapeutic effects, but not related to therapeutic misunderstandings. Temperamental optimism is weakly related to unrealistic optimism. In multivariate analysis, both temperamental optimism and unrealistic optimism are considered to be independently related to higher expectations of individual treatment effects.

　　in conclusion:

　　In the early stage of cancer clinical trials, the current research data shows that the patient's expectation of treatment effect is related to a more positive outlook on life or the expectation of deviations in the results of specific aspects of participating in the trial. Not all optimism is the same. In early cancer clinical research, different types of optimism may have different consequences.

　　Scheier et al. first proposed the concept of "temperament optimism" in 1985, and believed that temperament optimism is the overall expectation of good future results. They believe that optimism is a personality trait. Individuals with higher temperament and optimism report positive expectations for future events and believe that the results will develop for the better. Researchers believe that this optimistic trait will help individuals better deal with setbacks and will also make individuals have a higher tolerance for setbacks.

　　Tumor treatment cannot "see the tumor but not the person"

　　The attention to individual patients has become one of the focuses of cancer prevention and treatment today. Regrettably, everyone is busy trying to stir up mainstream foreign ideas, and the real key issues are far from resolved.

　　Tumors are not isolated, other diseases can also cause tumors.

　　In addition, the external causes of primary tumor prevention include chemical carcinogenesis, viruses, bacteria and other environmental factors. In other words, our environment, lifestyle, and diet are related to the occurrence of cancer.

　　In addition to the familiar genetic factors,

　　internal factors also include neurological/hormonal/immune system disorders. This once again suggests the connection between nervousness and cancer, which is also a problem that scientists have paid special attention to in recent years.

　　In 2000, LeeHood put forward the "4P medicine" concept, which is the English acronym for "preventive medicine", "predictive medicine", "individual medicine", and "participatory medicine".

　　The "preventive medicine" in this includes the primary prevention and the two-level prevention mentioned by the World Health Organization, that is, early diagnosis and early treatment. Taking early diagnosis as an example, the Qin Wenxin research group of Shanghai Cancer Institute discovered that DKK-1 can be used as a new marker for early diagnosis of liver cancer, which has attracted international attention and has entered the stage of multi-center verification.

　　It is worth noting that 4P medicine puts forward the concept of "participation in medicine" and emphasizes the participation of patients.

　　Researchers have realized that tumor treatment is a process of re-establishing the balance of the body. Among them, mental factors have a subtle relationship with the development of cancer. This requires doctors to pay attention to the patient's mental state. Tumor treatment is far from enough to focus on the tumor itself. It is necessary to focus on the person who has the tumor. "Seeing the disease but not seeing the person" may be a misunderstanding and practice that we must correct.

　　Happiness, in a sense, may be a revolution in cancer prevention and treatment.