动物造模,人造胚胎 z-bo 2020-09-07 461

　　The early stages of pregnancy are very important for the healthy development of the fetus. Differences can lead to miscarriage and future fetal health problems. However, if this happens, the doctor will not know how to intervene. When they got pregnant for the first time, they couldn't see the embryo, let alone cured.

　　But the situation is changing. Recently, researchers from Maastricht University in the Netherlands and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences successfully produced early artificial embryos and published a paper in the journal Nature.

　　The results of this study are very important. Why do you say that? First, let's check the background knowledge. In mammals, a "blastocyst" is formed a few days after the egg is fertilized. A blastocyst is a hollow sphere composed of less than 100 cells. After the uterus is implanted, the cells in the blastocyst (germ cells) grow into the embryo, and the cells that make up the sphere (trophoblast cells) grow into the placenta.

　　Earlier, scientists already knew how to use stem cells to create the internal and external structures of a blastocyst, but they could not combine the two. In addition, some scientists have successfully created embryo models after implantation. This time, Dutch researchers successfully used trophoblast cells to create artificial embryos before transplantation.

　　First, culture embryonic stem cells and trophoblast stem cells separately. Next, these two types of cells are mixed with specific molecules to connect and organize them with each other. Finally, they transplanted the artificial embryo into the mouse uterus and found that it was transplanted like a natural embryo. The cells divide and begin to fuse with maternal blood vessels.

　　5 days after fertilization, humans form blastocysts. The development of blastocyst cells affects a successful pregnancy and the health of the fetus. Today, researchers have successfully used stem cells to create blastocysts. They can then study this important stage of development in detail. They can screen drugs to see which drugs can prevent infertility. They can find more effective contraceptives...the results of the study can benefit pregnant women all over the world.

　　Of course, mice and humans are different. It is not known whether this artificial blastocyst can also be transplanted into a human uterus. But in any case, the relevant research results are beneficial to the health of mothers and fetuses.