埃博拉病毒 z-bo 2020-09-19 368

　　Ebola virus can cause severe acute hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates, with strong pathogenicity, high fatality rate, and no effective treatment drugs and vaccines. In 2014, West Africa Ebola virus spread rapidly among the population , Has attracted great attention from countries all over the world, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified this epidemic as an international public health emergency.

　　Recently, He Hongxuan's research group from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences collected the research results of Ebola virus in etiology, ecology, and epidemiology in the past 40 years, and integrated multidisciplinary theoretical knowledge to explain the Ebola virus in the natural environment. How to maintain, circulate and spread the virus and its storage host. It introduces in detail the role of bats and other wild animals in the Ebola virus transmission chain, and proposes to prevent the Ebola virus and other major zoonotic pathogens Transmission from wild animals to humans is one of the most effective measures to maintain social public health safety. Strengthen the monitoring of wild animal diseases, establish a long-term and comprehensive monitoring system, and provide scientific basis for early warning and prevention and control of its transmission to humans for better Safeguard the public health safety of society.

　　Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is named after the first outbreak occurred in the Ebola River Basin in Congo, Africa. It is derived from Ebola A vigorous zoonotic disease caused by a virus, which affects non-human primates (NHPs) such as humans (Homo sapiens), apes (Simiiformes), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and gorillas (Gorilla beringei) The fatality rate of animals is extremely high, and the fatality rate for humans is about 25% to 90%. Because the pathogen is extremely infectious and there is no effective vaccine, it is listed as the highest biosafety class A pathogen. Relevant experiments should be carried out in biosafety level 4 (P4) laboratories. At present, in addition to the upcoming Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Wuhan P4 Laboratory), only France, Canada, Germany, and Australia are publicly available in the world , The United States, the United Kingdom, Gabon (French Pasteur Institute), Sweden and South Africa have P4 laboratories.

　　Since Ebola virus was discovered in 1976, great progress has been made in its detection and diagnosis, pathogenic mechanism, and vaccine research. However, there are still questions about how Ebola virus is maintained in the natural environment, circulating transmission, and storage host. Not sure.

　　In this article, researchers intend to integrate theoretical knowledge and research progress in ecology and epidemiology to illustrate the role of wild animals such as bats (Vespertilio superans Thomas) in the transmission chain of Ebola virus, so that people can There is a clear and comprehensive understanding of how the transmission of Ebola virus from wild animals to people has a scientific basis to prevent and control the transmission of Ebola virus to people from the source (wild animals), so as to better maintain social public health security.

　　The author points out that summarizing the Ebola outbreaks in humans or non-human primates such as chimpanzees in the past 40 years, and analyzing the results of on-site epidemiological studies after each outbreak, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Fruit bats are the most likely potential Storage host; (2) Non-human primates such as humans and chimpanzees are susceptible hosts; (3) Non-human primates such as fruit bats and chimpanzees are important sources of infection; (4) The index case is carried or carried by direct contact. Infected by non-human primates such as fruit bats or chimpanzees infected with Ebola virus.

　　How to prevent and control Ebola, reduce and avoid people’s panic and loss, is a question that researchers need to think about. Although rapid diagnosis, the development of antiviral drugs and protective vaccines are to fight Ebola and protect the lives of our people The primary task of safety. However, in the long run, how to prevent the spread of Ebola virus and other pathogens from wild animals to humans is the fundamental measure to prevent and control major epidemics such as Ebola, and is the most effective and economical way Although the Ebola virus has not yet appeared in our country, our country has a vast territory, complex terrain, diverse climates, numerous types of wild animals, and some special customs (there are predators in Guangxi, Guangdong and other regions). The habits of wild animals such as bats and monkeys), it is inevitable that the severe acute respiratory syndrome (severe acute respiratory syndrome, sars) epidemic similar to 2003 will occur again.

　　Therefore, through the narrative of the Ebola virus, as far as our country is concerned, how to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases and other major pathogens from wild animals to humans, protect social public health and people’s health, and put forward the following suggestions to provide Please refer to and correct me. (1) Further improve laws and regulations, increase penalties, and prohibit people from hunting wild animals; (2) Increase publicity, change those incorrect traditional habits, and let people understand that wild animals carry many causes. Germs and viruses, do not hunt wild animals and contact animals with unknown causes of death. Protect yourself, but also protect your family and all human beings; (3) Strengthen the monitoring of wild animal diseases and establish a sound monitoring system. The scope of monitoring cannot be limited to In terms of known pathogens, it is necessary to increase the detection and identification of unknown pathogens, and provide early warning for the emergence of epidemics; combining long-term monitoring and key monitoring, not only must timely understand the epidemic situation of pathogens in the ecosystem, but also Focus on monitoring in sensitive areas and high-risk areas to respond to epidemics that may break out at any time.