CRISPR/dCas9,基因编辑技术 z-bo 2020-09-24 404

　　The vaccine to prevent HIV is undergoing clinical testing in South Africa. If successful, it will cause a "dead blow" to AIDS and safely prevent HIV infection. This AIDS vaccine, called HVTN702, is an improved version of the RV144 AIDS vaccine, which was clinically tested in Thailand in 2009. In three and a half years of clinical trials, the effectiveness of RV144 was 31%. We provide protective AIDS vaccines. Researchers hope that HVTN702 can provide more effective and lasting protection than RV144. \r\nThis clinical trial recruited 5400 adults at high risk of infection between the ages of 18-35.

　　This is the largest AIDS vaccine clinical trial in South Africa's history. HVTN702 is suitable for HIV subtypes prevalent in southern Africa. Participants were vaccinated five times a year, and vaccines or placebos were randomly assigned. Researchers carefully monitored the efficacy and potential side effects of the new vaccine. The results of the survey will be announced at the end of 2020. Before\n, a small study of more than 200 people showed that HVTN702 is safe to use. \r\nThe latest AIDS vaccine clinical trial is jointly funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the US Army, the South African Medical Research Council, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Today, 37 million people worldwide are directly infected with AIDS, and about 1 million people die every year. In South Africa, more than 1,000 people are infected with HIV every day. \r\nIAID Director Anthony Fauci said: “There is currently no outline of an AIDS prevention strategy that can completely stop the spread of the virus. In the future, safe and effective vaccines will complete the “last blow” to HIV. Even moderately effective vaccines It can significantly reduce the number of HIV infections, thereby reducing the burden of treatment in high-incidence countries such as South Africa.\r\nAustralians According to the latest progress of Australian researchers, our genes can destroy cancer cells from the body without taking drugs. It can treat cancer. Researchers use gene editing technology CRISPR/dCas9 to evoke major tumor suppressor genes and destroy cancer from the inside. The research team is committed to applying the technology to breast and lung cancer cells and studying its effects on gastric tumor cells Potential role.

　　"We produce cancer cells in the body every day, but our body has a very effective DNA damage recognition system. Once damage is found, repair or self-destruction procedures are carried out." Dr. Garcia Brozi said. Tumor suppressor genes can check cells to make sure that they have not been destroyed or mutated and that they are not growing out of control. Therefore, these genes are the key to eliminating cancer cells in the body to achieve self-repair.

　　"If in the future we can reactivate or "awaken" these cancer suppressants to cure the disease, it would be great. In this way, you can treat the disease without any drugs. The drugs used in traditional cancer treatments often have negative effects on the body. Influence." said Dr. Garcia Broy. "Cells have a variety of mechanisms that prevent normal cells from turning into cancer cells, but certain tumor suppressor genes are silenced after people develop cancer. Advanced therapies can remind cells how to activate and prevent these mechanisms. Cancer is widespread."

　　Before this, scientists used some CRISPR technologies. We have activated the silent gene, but so far the activation rate is still very low. "In vitro experiments can promote gene expression, increase its expression activity by 22,000 times, and prevent the growth of cancer cells. However, this technology is still in the proof-of-concept stage and is still in actual clinical trials. A few years later, we are working on animals The research hopes to achieve the same result by activating multiple genes in living tumors.