动物造模 z-bo 2020-09-25 371

　　As we all know, age mortality increases with age. Whether you live in Tokyo, rural Tennessee or Papua Forest in New Guinea, the older you are, the more likely you are to develop various diseases.

　　But as we age, how does our body adapt to climate change? How long will people experience physical aging this semester?

　　In the special issue of Theoyal Society B’s Philosophy Transactions, the published papers are composed of a team of anthropologists, such as the professor of anthropology in Santa Barbara, the director of the school of general anthropology Michael Gurven, and the undergraduate doctor Thomas Kraft. Comprehensive measurement of "physiological disorders" between humans and other species. The topic question explores the evolution of primate aging. Physiological disorders are the gradual weakening of the body's ability to recover from stress, injury or other adversity. For example, the human body may gradually lose the ability to regulate blood sugar levels or trigger an inappropriate immune response that will not disappear after the threat disappears (thus damaging the body's own cells). The method is included. Loss of elasticity is generally considered the root cause of aging.

　　Kraft, the lead author of the paper, said: "We are now beginning to see the physiological aging of the entire forager and the farmer." Primate comparison. Adult mortality is not the only factor that reduces the human condition. The occurrence of human physiological diseases is also much slower.

　　Over the past 20 years, the Chimane Health and Life History Project has collected many health and aging indicators (called biomarkers) in the foraging gardener Tsimane in the Amazon Basin of Bolivia. I'm. These range from typical indicators (blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar) that may be used during a routine physical examination to indicators (such as various immune markers such as grip strength, inflammation, and bone mineral density). Yes.

　　Overall, the current study studied 40 biomarkers in 5,658 adults out of 22,115 observations. Kraft said: "This is one of the only comprehensive longitudinal health surveys for a population whose living standards are significantly different from those of urbanized industrial countries.

　　"A biomarker is just a biomarker of health. We can only provide some. But what we have to do is to combine the information from many biomarkers (the level of these markers and the degree of linkage) into one Indicators," he continued. it is. As far as the overall "unfamiliarity" of a healthy person is concerned, the comprehensive index can fully reflect a person's "biological age". "

　　Gulvin, the co-director of the Tsimane Health and Life History Project, pointed out: "In the United States and many other countries today, you are more likely to die from heart disease, cancer, diabetes and other "chronic aging diseases." However, these chronic diseases People with similar lifestyles (such as Chimane) are rare. In this completely different situation, is the incidence of physiological diseases the same?

　　To answer this question, the research team compared Tsimane with other groups. Gurven explained: “In places where adult mortality is high, we can expect our bodies to age faster and resolutely follow the higher mortality increases caused by aging. “Other possibilities and many of our goals, It is to maintain a healthy body as much as possible and destroy everything at the last moment of death. "

　　Although researchers have different lifestyles and urbanization processes, post-industrial populations (such as the United States and Italy) are quite different. Although adult mortality is high, Chimane’s adult physiological diseases are only increasing. Some people find that its content is higher. some. Tsimane.

　　Gurven said: "This is a bit surprising because Chimane has a very low level of advanced chronic disease. However, Chimane faces more severe situations such as hard work, tropical diseases and lack of access to medical services.