细胞“货物”转运体 z-bo 2020-09-30 352

　　A report recently published by American researchers in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences pointed out that cellular "cargo" transporters-exosomes are not only essential for the development of brain neurons and neural circuits, but also damage brain cells. It shows that it can help restore health. This discovery will help the medical community develop new methods to diagnose and treat diseases related to brain development.

　　Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells, which can be absorbed by recipient cells, thereby transferring substances and information between cells. Previous studies have shown that exosomes are involved in cell-to-cell communication in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, but the role of exosomes in brain development remains unclear. Researchers at the Scripps Research Institute in the United States tested healthy neurosomes and neurons extracted from patients with Ritter syndrome. Through various cell and functional tests, the researchers found that the exosomes of the affected neurons do not contain harmful proteins, but they also contain signal proteins necessary for healthy exosomes. .. Wright syndrome is an inherited neurological disease caused by abnormal brain development.

　　It is caused by a mutation in a gene called MECP2 on the X chromosome. The patient's mental development is retarded and may have symptoms similar to autism. Researchers have used gene editing technology to repair the gene mutation that causes Wright’s syndrome and found that the exosomal signaling function of diseased cells has been restored. Researchers added healthy exosomes to the cultured diseased cells and found that healthy exosomes can repair the neurodevelopmental disorders of diseased cells. In animal experiments, the researchers injected healthy exosomes into the hippocampus (the hippocampus is the brain area involved in learning and memory in mice) and found that the mice had more neurons. Researchers believe that this result is very important for many diseases related to brain development. They plan to further study a series of issues related to the biological activity and potential clinical applications of exosomes in order to develop new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of future brain development-related diseases.