肿瘤转移,靶细胞 z-bo 2020-09-30 314

　　When tumor cells leave their original site and spread to other distant organs, most cancers are fatal (cancer metastasis). Whether cancer cells metastasize depends not only on the cells themselves, but also on the microenvironment of the metastatic habitat. Only a small part of the cells that reach the new site can root and proliferate well, and the initial process of promoting the growth of cancer cells at the second site may not have suitable research tools.

　　is not yet known to researchers. A few days ago, in a research report published in the international journal Nature, researcher Ombrato et al. Describes an innovative technology that can be used to identify and isolate rare normal cells that can be moved to new locations. This method is in close contact with cancer cells, helping to reveal early interactions between metastatic cells and nearby normal cells (helping to form a metastatic habitat for cancer). .. Researchers manipulated mouse breast cancer cells to express a special fluorescent protein. The protein contains regions of amino acid residues that can penetrate the lipid layer. This function makes the protein soluble. The form of serotonin is released from cancer cells and taken up by neighboring cells. The researchers also studied breast cancer metastasis models that express the protein. At the same time, researchers can use a variety of fluorescent proteins to monitor cancer cells. The researchers injected cancer cells into the gastrointestinal veins of mice, and then the cancer cells settled in the lung tissues of the mice.

　　After analyzing the lung tissue of the mice, the researchers identified healthy cells that are in close contact with the tumor growth site because healthy cells in the five layers of cancer cells can absorb protein. I found it can be analyzed. There is a direct correlation between the number of lung cancer cells and the number of adjacent cells ingesting protein. These adjacent cells contain immune cells, which can help breast cancer cells colonize the lung tissue. In previous studies, researchers used other techniques to identify cells near malignant tumor tissue, such as labeling cells that specifically receive vesicles released by tumor cells. In this article, the researchers used a new technique to mark possible locations near the transmission. Any type of cell that exists. The lipid-permeable fluorescent protein is only stable in recipient cells for 48 hours, so the researchers’ method can assess early changes in metastasis over time, but is not suitable for long-term follow-up. Well, cancer cells can promote tumor growth by changing the local environment, such as promoting angiogenesis to increase nutrient supply and cause changes to protect tumors from host immune attack. Rare cancer cells can grow normally and remotely. Usually, the microenvironment of essential metabolite molecules in normal cells can be changed by changing the microenvironment to increase the utilization of nutrients or promote tumor growth.

　　In order to accelerate the progression of tumors, such as the preparation process, researchers use new technologies to identify and isolate health conditions for molecular analysis (such as RNA sequencing), and cells are also located in metastatic habitats. You can track changes that may contribute to formation. The researchers say that the normal lung cells that surround the aggressive breast cancer cells belong to the alveolar type 2 (AT2) cell lineage. Metastatic cells benefit from the microenvironment. Researchers have observed that the cancer was cultured in vitro. Like lung epithelial cells, cells have a higher proliferation rate. Researchers found AT2 near invasive cancer cells, which also have characteristics of relatively undifferentiated lung cells or stem cells. In the lung, most AT2 cells are fully differentiated, just like only a few of them are stem cells. Do these cancer cells tend to be located near lung stem cells or aggregate? In other words, do cancer cells drive adjacent differentiated AT2 cells and follow the same fate as stem cells? To investigate these possibilities, the researchers studied cancer cells cultured in vitro with AT2. The results show that the presence of cancer cells enhances the ability of AT2 cells as stem cells compared to AT2 cells without cancer cell growth. The ability to generate multiple types of differentiated lung cells simultaneously. Then, the researchers used labeling techniques to track the lineage of lung stem cells. There is no doubt that this will solve the way that metastatic breast cancer cells form a microenvironment in the lungs, nourish and grow tumor cells, and the way breast cancer cells form a metastatic ecosystem near lung stem cells. Observer researcher Ang reviewed the results of previous studies, that when prostate cancer cells migrate to the bones, they settle near bone marrow stem cells and help provide a microenvironment that supports tumor growth.

　　The method used by the researchers may help explain why certain types of cancer cells preferentially metastasize to certain early secondary sites, such as bone marrow and lungs. The researchers have not yet answered this important question. Using this new technology to study breast cancer cell lines that have a special preference for secondary sites may help researchers clarify the molecular mechanisms behind the formation of cancer cell preference. absence. The discovery of cancers in mice and humans by researchers is very important. In a sample of human lung tissue containing metastatic breast cancer cells, the researchers found that the results were similar to lung epithelial cells and were far from tumor invasion. Compared with lung epithelial cells adjacent to the tumor, it expresses higher levels of growth-related proteins. Analyzing how this dividing cell supports the growth of breast cancer cells is very important for future research. If tumor cells can be prevented from migrating in distant organs, it is because cancer cells show higher levels of genomic changes than normal cells, but are concentrated on cells near the cancer cells. It can have a significant positive impact on clinical treatment. These cells are very important because they are relatively stable in the genome. This may be an effective strategy for transferring habitats. The tumor microenvironment is very complicated, and the components of immune cells and non-immune cells affect the characteristics of cancer cells. Future researchers need more detailed studies to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of cancer cell metastasis and tumor microenvironment in order to provide new ideas and clues for the clinical treatment of cancer.