癌症 z-bo 2020-10-07 368

　　In the latest research report published in the international journal Nature, scientists at the MaxDelbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in Germany said through their research that cancer can gain or lose multiple chromosomes in some cells, but in others. I found that this is not the case for cells. This process may indicate that the cancer has progressed or certain preference traits have been selected. The researchers pointed out that this phenomenon is very common in 22 tumor types, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer and lung cancer. Researcher Dr. Roland Schwartz pointed out that the structural evolution of these ongoing cancer genomes is much higher than our expectations, and far higher than the researchers' previous expectations. Yes, this change seems to help get or create more signals. It is reasonable that large copies of chromosomal fragments containing genes that are beneficial to cancer cells also lose genes that inhibit tumor progression.. Previous studies have not shown that this situation continues to occur in many types of tumors.

　　In the past five years, researchers have developed methods to help illustrate these large variations. These changes are called somatic copy count changes (somatic copy count changes) and include the entire chromosome arm or even the entire chromosome. This is much larger than the point mutations that occur in a single gene, so in particular whether these changes occur in the mother's chromosomes, the father's chromosomes, or both, and these changes. I want to know what will happen. order. Understanding the amount of ongoing chromosomal instability and the resulting copy number heterogeneity may be expected to help develop new cancer treatments in the future.

　　Using a new algorithm and statistical analysis technique called "efphase", researchers were able to analyze at the detailed haplotype level, and the researchers applied the method to 394 types of 22 tumor types. Of the 1,421 tumor samples, it is important that these samples were taken from at least two different parts of the tumor. This can help researchers compare the differences between different parts. The researchers said that there may be significant differences in the gains and losses of chromosomes between cells taken from different parts of the tumor, and that such high variability was found in the tumor types analyzed. Researcher Schwarz said that in some tumors, the increase or decrease of chromosomes occurs only on the maternal chromosomes, while in other parts of the tumor, it can occur on the paternal chromosomes. Researchers conducted the 2017 study. In this study, this phenomenon was first called "mirror subclonal allergic imbalance" (MSAI, mirror subclonal allergic imbalance), and MSAI events occurred in a variety of tumor types. This imbalance may indicate that different evolutionary events occur at the same time, which also reveals a special selection mechanism. Future researchers will need further research to better understand whether increasing or decreasing chromosome fragments can help promote tumor development. If it progresses or occurs randomly, the relevant research result is cancer. It may provide strong evidence that the genome will Continue to reshape on a large scale. This is also called chromosomal instability.

　　Finally, the researchers said that our new method provides a wealth of evidence that reveals ongoing chromosomal instability in unprecedented detail. Researchers are currently conducting detailed studies and hope to reveal cancer in a deeper and clearer way.