生物多样性,生态系统 z-bo 2020-10-08 364

　　Global changes (including climate change, land use and land cover changes) and human activities are exacerbating the loss of biodiversity, which is affecting the service functions of ecosystems. In recent years, attention has been focused on the impact mechanism of biodiversity on ecosystem functions, which has become a major issue in the fields of biodiversity and ecology. Many studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions have shown that biodiversity is the main driving force of ecosystem functions, but previous studies have mainly focused on grassland ecosystems. Where. As the most important ecosystem on the surface, forests play a vital role in regulating the global carbon cycle, mitigating climate change and maintaining ecosystem services. In the natural forest community, the structure of the community is much more complicated than in the grassland ecosystem. In addition to tree species, low shrubs and herbs are highly diverse and have important ecological functions. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on trees, shrubs and herbs of various levels in forest communities. I will. Species placed in different vertical layers of forest communities have significant differences in evolutionary history and functional strategies, which may lead to different community establishment mechanisms. At the same time, when considering the spatial scale comprehensively, the relationship between species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, functional diversity and other multi-dimensional biodiversity and ecosystem functions is still unclear, and its potential is not great. The advancement mechanism also needs to be studied in detail.

　　Northwest Yunnan is located in the upper reaches of China's three major rivers: Nu River, Lanka River and Jinsha. The area is home to three Parallel Rivers World Natural Heritage Site and many nature reserves. Due to its complex geology, climatic history and diverse topography, it has created unique biodiversity. This area is located in the core area of the mountainous areas in southwest China. This is a global biodiversity hotspot and one of the most sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. The Yulong Snow Mountain has a wide variety of plants, with different climate types along the altitude gradient, and shows a relatively complete vertical band spectrum of mountain plants. It is a typical representative of plant diversity in northwestern Yunnan, and an important ecological security barrier in China, with important ecosystem service functions. .. The vertical structure of the forest community in this area is clear, and the forest is rich in plant species, which provides a natural place for studying the functions of the forest ecosystem. On the basis of the Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Positioning Research Station, the Gao Liming Research Group and the Lijiang City Plant Diversity and Genome Research Team launched the Plant Diversity Evolution and Ecological Adaptation Team Research Group of the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, established in Yulong, Lijiang Snow mountain. The forest community transect along the altitude gradient involves the ecology of global change and the ecology of the community, aiming to clarify the true relationship between forest biodiversity and ecosystem functions under natural conditions. The purpose is to conduct research.

　　Recently, the team collaborated with Professor Mark Cadotte of the University of Toronto in Canada and Professor Kevin Burgess of the University of Columbus in the United States to use the cross-section along the altitude gradient of the Ulun Snow Mountain as a platform for multi-dimensional biodiversity. Comprehensive gender (species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, functional diversity). The vertical structure of forests (arbors, shrubs, herbs) studied the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem functions (terrestrial biomass) at various spatial scales (neighborhood scale and quadrant scale). The study found that the aboveground biomass of trees is positively correlated with community characteristics (height and leaf phosphorus content) and functional diversity (specific leaf area), selection and niche complementation effects. Some people think that both are the dominant factors. The aboveground biomass of trees does not significantly reduce the aboveground biomass of plants, but the biomass of shrubs is related to the functional diversity of various seed sizes or characteristics; aboveground herbs. Biomass is mainly affected by this system. The influence of development diversity and species diversity shows that complementary effects play an important role in the lower class. The altitude gradient mainly has an indirect impact on biomass through species diversity, phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. In the context of global change, the results of this research will help scientifically support the protection and management of forest biodiversity. As the spatial scale increases, the correlation between diversity and ecosystem functions also increases, which indicates that the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions may be closer on larger spatial scales. Therefore, when implementing natural forest protection and plantation construction in mountain forest ecosystems, not only the diversity of tree species must be considered, but also the ecosystem service functions must be considered, and understory shrubs and herbs should be considered as a unique system. This research provides important guidance for the restoration of forest ecosystems and the protection of natural forests.

　　Currently, the research results are published online in the international ecology journal "Ecology Express" under the heading "Greater than the total part: Affecting the ecological functions of forests with different species composition". Luo Yahuang, a postdoctoral researcher at the station, is the first author of this article, and Gao Lianming and Li Dezhu's co-supervisors are the co-authors of this article. This research includes the Strategic Leadership Science and Technology Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31000000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800354), the National Postdoctoral Fund (2017M623082), the Yunnan Science and Technology Leadership Program (2017HA014) and Yunnan postdoctoral fellows. Funded by targeted training projects. The research was also supported by the molecular biology platform of the Wildlife Reproductive Material Bank of Central and Southwest China.