2型糖尿病,癌症,痴呆 z-bo 2020-10-08 320

　　In Australia, there are currently more than 1.1 million people with type 2 diabetes, and the many potential complications associated with diabetes mean that 45-year-old patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes have an average life expectancy of 6 years shorter than those without type 2 diabetes.

　　Recently, Rachel Crimie, Jonathan Shaw and others published a report collecting the latest evidence on the health effects of type 2 diabetes.

　　In addition to proving well-known complications (such as the link between diabetes and heart disease risk), their report also shows that type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of cancer and dementia. It also highlights some new evidence. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include overweight, lack of exercise, lack of diet, high blood pressure and family history of type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes are twice as likely to suffer from heart disease as patients with non-type 2 diabetes. A heart attack due to coronary artery occlusion may be a more recognizable form of heart disease, especially in heart failure, that is, the inability of the heart muscle to deliver enough blood to the body is becoming more and more common in patients with type 2 diabetes.

　　This is due to many factors, including better treatment and prevention of heart attacks, which allows more people to live longer and develop heart failure. Compared with non-diabetic patients, patients with type 2 diabetes are eight times more likely to develop heart failure.

　　Meanwhile, diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure and vision loss in adult adults. More than 50% of legs and leg amputations are caused by diabetes.

　　However, in addition to these common and common complications of diabetes, more and more evidence shows that type 2 diabetes increases the risk of other diseases.

　　Complications of type 2 diabetes

　　Type 2 diabetes patients are about twice as likely to develop pancreatic cancer, endometrial cancer and liver cancer as normal people, and their risk of developing bowel cancer is normal. It has a 30% higher risk than humans and a 20% higher risk of breast cancer.

　　There are more and more type 2 diabetes patients under the age of 40, which requires special attention to increase the risk of cancer. In Australia, the number of cancer deaths in this group increased significantly between 2000 and 2011. Dementia is also a recently discovered complication of type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis of 2 million people showed that people with type 2 diabetes have a 60% higher risk of dementia than people without diabetes.

　　Why does the risk increase? It is important to realize

　　The research published by the researchers is an observational study, and diabetes cannot reliably cause these conditions. However, they show that diabetes is associated with increased risk. The two main theories about the increased risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes are related to glucose and insulin. Many types of cancer cells use glucose as their main fuel, so the more glucose in the blood, the faster the cancer will grow. Alternatively, insulin can promote cell proliferation. In the early stages of type 2 diabetes, insulin levels are elevated, which can also accelerate the development of cancer.

　　There are several possible explanations for the link between diabetes and dementia. First, stroke is very common in patients with type 2 diabetes. Both severe mild strokes and repeated mild strokes can cause dementia. Second, diabetes affects the structure and function of the smallest blood vessels (capillaries) including the brain. This affects the delivery of nutrients to brain cells. Third, as time goes by, high blood sugar levels and other diabetes-related metabolic abnormalities will directly affect the function of certain types of brain cells.

　　Areas to be improved

　　There are already good recommendations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, such as drug use, healthy eating and regular exercise guidelines, but there is still a big gap between the evidence and the actual occurrence. the difference. A study in the United States showed that only a quarter of type 2 diabetes patients' blood sugar, cholesterol and blood pressure met all recommended health indicators. according to

　　According to Australian data, one year later, the possibility of diabetic patients to stop using cholesterol medication has increased by 14%. The latest report found that increasing the use of a series of effective drugs each year can prevent heart disease, stroke and kidney failure in hundreds of diabetic patients. Diabetes complications significantly increase mortality, disability and the burden on the health system, requiring further education and support for diabetic patients and medical professionals who treat the disease.

　　Or while controlling blood sugar levels, patients with type 2 diabetes also need to maintain healthy levels of risk factors for complications (such as blood pressure and cholesterol).

　　Healthy eating and regular exercise are a good start.