动物实验,干细胞,帕金森氏症 z-bo 2020-10-12 372

　　The mature brain in Madison, Wisconsin, is difficult to repair itself after being damaged by trauma, stroke or degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The unlimited adaptability of stem cells provides hope for better nerve repair. However, the complexity of precise brain coordination hinders the development of clinical treatments. In a new study of these diseases, researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison demonstrated a proof-of-concept stem cell therapy in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. They found that neurons derived from stem cells have successfully integrated into the correct areas of the brain, connected with natural neurons, and restored motor function.

　　The key is identity. By carefully tracking the fate of transplanted stem cells, scientists discovered that the identity of these cells (in Parkinson's disease, dopamine-producing cells) determines their connection and function. Scientists say this study shows that neural stem cell therapy is a viable target because more and more methods can generate dozens of unique neurons from stem cells. .. However, more research is needed to translate the findings of mice into humans.

　　The UW-A research team led by Madison neuroscientist Zhang Suchun published this discovery in the journal CellStemCell on September 22. The research was led by postdoctoral researcher Chen Yuejun, Zion Mann and Tao Yechen in Zhang's laboratory, who are currently faculty members in China and Singapore.

　　"Our brains are precisely connected by very specific nerve cells in specific locations, and we can participate in all complex behaviors. All are specific cell types. It depends on the circuits connected," Professor Ming Zhang of Neuroscience Say. Department of Neurology, Wisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison. "Nerve damage usually affects specific brain areas or specific cell types and destroys electrical circuits. To treat these diseases, these circuits must be repaired."

　　Parkinson's disease In order to repair these circuits in a mouse model, the researchers first induced human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into dopamine-producing neurons that can die of Parkinson's disease. They transplanted these new neurons into the midbrain of mice, which is the brain area most affected by Parkinson's degeneration. A few months later, the mice showed improved exercise capacity after having time to integrate new neurons into the brain. After careful inspection, Zhang's team was able to confirm that the transplanted neurons had long-distance connections to the motor control areas of the brain. Nerve cells also establish contact with the regulatory areas of the brain that enter new neurons and prevent them from being overstimulated.

　　The feed-in and feed-out connections of the two groups of transplanted neurons are similar to the circuits established by natural neurons. This only applies to dopamine-producing cells. Similar experiments with cells that produce the neurotransmitter glutamate did not participate in the repair of Parkinson's disease, but did not repair the motor circuit, proving the importance of neuronal identity in repairing damage.