实验动物 z-bo 2020-07-27 667

　　The correct choice of experimental animals will not only affect the expenditure and work schedule, but also affect the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results and whether the entire experiment can proceed smoothly. One of the keys to the success or failure of experimental research is to select corresponding animals according to different experimental requirements and objectives. When choosing laboratory animals, remember the following principles:

　　1. Use experimental animals that have functions, metabolism, structure, and disease characteristics similar to those of humans. Since the purpose of medical research is to solve human diseases, laboratory animals with human-like functions, metabolism and structure must be selected. Generally speaking, the higher the experimental animal, the more it evolves and the closer the reaction is to humans. For example, primates such as baboons, orangutans and monkeys are ideal animals most similar to humans, but primates are difficult to obtain, expensive, and have special requirements for breeding conditions that make them useful for practical applications. Well, I often retreat to second place. Of course, the most commonly used laboratory animal is the mouse. They are cheap and easy to manage and control. Therefore, animal research should select animals with functions, metabolism, structure and disease characteristics similar to those of the animals being studied, not only from the whole, but also from the parts.

　　2. Select animals with a clear genetic background, important and stable known flora and model characteristics. Genetics, microbiology, and nutrition must be used to ensure reliable, regular animal research results and correct conclusions. Standardized laboratory animals grown under the control of science and environmental sanitation. Therefore, hybrids and common animals are not commonly used, but usually less demanding educational experiments can be used to reduce costs.

　　3. Select animals with anatomical and physiological characteristics that meet the requirements of the experimental purpose. Many experimental animals have specific anatomical and physiological characteristics, which provide many convenient conditions for the organs or tissues observed in the experiment. This is the key to the success of the experiment. Therefore, laboratory animals whose anatomical and physiological characteristics meet the experimental purpose should be selected.

　　4. Select the species and strains of experimental animals that are sensitive to experimental treatments. In experimental research, the animals most sensitive to experimental factors are usually selected as experimental targets. Different experimental animal strains usually have some special reactions, so strains should be selected according to different experimental purposes.

　　5. There are many reasons for choosing laboratory animals for zoonotic diseases and the traditional use of laboratory animals, because they not only cause similar diseases to humans but also to animals. You must choose laboratory animals.

　　6. Consider ethics and "3R" principles. Modern animal experiments need to consider ethics and "3R" principles. Among them, reduction refers to reducing the number of animals used in animal experiments without affecting the experimental data. Substitution refers to the use of other laboratory materials or substitute animals for experiments. ) Methods of minimizing harm to animals by improving and completing experimental procedures. Careful consideration of animal welfare and ethical issues during animal testing will ensure the stability and reliability of experimental results.

　　7. In addition to the five principles mentioned above, the individual animal's age, sex, physiological condition and health status should also be considered when the individual chooses experimental animals.

　　(1) Age (age) and weight (weight): Young animals are usually more sensitive than adult animals. Animals of appropriate age should be selected according to the purpose of the experiment. Adults are used for acute experiments. We recommend using small animals for long-term experiments. Under proper feeding and control conditions, the age of small laboratory animals can be estimated by weight.

　　(2) Gender: Experiments show that different genders respond to the same pathogenic stimuli. In the experimental study, half of the men and women were used when a specific gender was not required. If it has been proven unaffected by gender, it can be male or female. There are different physical signs between men and women, and genders are usually distinguished based on physical signs.

　　(3) Physiological state: When selecting an individual, it is necessary to consider the special physiological state of the animal, such as pregnancy and breastfeeding, which will greatly change the body's ability to respond.

　　(4) Physical condition: Animals in poor health cannot be used for experiments. It has a great influence on the experimental results. A healthy animal can be judged by the following external characteristics.

　　1) General situation (general situation): Well-developed body, strong appetite, and quick response.

　　2) Head: breathing evenly, no secretions in the nose and eyes, clean eyes, no conjunctival congestion, clear pupils, no sneezing.

　　3) Fur: The fur is soft and shiny, without hair loss or confusion. There are no symptoms of skin infections.

　　4) Abdomen (abdomen): no swelling, sparse stool, anal discharge.

　　5) External genitalia: no discharge, injury, or pus.

　　6) Toes (nails): intact without ulcers or knots.