实验动物,药理学 z-bo 2020-07-27 600

　　1. Mice belong to mammals, rodents and Mur family. Easy to catch, high fertility and cheap price. It is easy to meet the requirements of the same species, purebred, sex and age of experimental animals, and easy to manage living conditions. Therefore, it is the most commonly used animal in pharmacological experiments and is particularly suitable for needs. Mice that use a large number of samples for experiments, such as drug screening and determination of median lethal dose, are prone to various diseases, such as cancer, sarcoma, leukemia, schistosomiasis, sepsis, epilepsy, drug addiction, dementia, etc. , Can reproduce many disease models.

　　2. Rats also belong to mammals, rodents and Mur family. Being frightened and aggressive can be harmful to the experimenter. Need to be protected. Rats can also be used in a variety of experiments, and can replicate a variety of animal models, including animal models of edema, inflammation, hypoxia, shock, fever, gastric ulcer, hypertension and renal failure. The rat's pituitary-adrenal function is highly developed, and it is usually used for stress response, adrenal and pituitary and other endocrine function experiments. Due to the development of high levels of neural activity in rats, it is also widely used in experiments such as brain function localization and extracellular recording.

　　3, rabbit

　　Rabbit belongs to mammals, rodents and Lepidoptera. It has a gentle personality and is easy to grow. It is usually used in experiments related to respiratory function, urinary function and cardiovascular function, such as controlling breathing exercise, treating respiratory failure, controlling blood pressure and treating heart failure. Rabbits are sensitive to heat sources and are often used to study antipyretic drugs and identify heat sources. In addition, because rabbits have large ears and clear blood vessels, they are convenient for intravenous injection and blood collection, and are widely used in vascular stimulation and drug hemolysis studies.

　　4. Guinea pig (guinea pig) Guinea pig is also called guinea pig or guinea pig. It belongs to the family of mammals, rodents and guinea pigs. It is characterized by obedient personality and susceptibility to histamine and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is commonly used to replicate asthma, histamine allergy and tuberculosis models to study the effects of anti-asthma, antihistamines and anti-tuberculosis drugs. It is also used for systemic active allergy testing in drug safety testing.

　　5. Cat

　　Cats belong to mammals, carnivores and cats. Cats are more resistant to surgery than rabbits, and their blood pressure is relatively stable but aggressive. It is usually used in experiments to reduce brain stiffness, hypothalamic function and blood pressure.

　　6. Dog

　　Dogs are usually used to observe the effects of animals on coronary blood flow, electrophysiological studies of cardiomyocytes, research on antihypertensive and anti-shock drugs, etc. After training, you can cooperate with people. Very suitable for long-term experimental testing such as conditioning. Because of their large size and high resistance to surgery, dogs are usually used for operations that are not easily performed by other small animals, such as gastrostomy, enterostomy, bladder fistula, gallbladder fistula, and coronary artery ligation. Dogs are commonly used animals in long-term preclinical toxicity studies.

　　7, toad

　　Toad is an amphibian and has no tail. Due to its slow evolution, its isolated specimens (heart, gastrocnemius, etc.) can maintain autonomy and excitability for a long time. Toads are easily available and cheap, and can be used to study the effects of drugs on the heart. Often used. Reflex arc analysis and muscle contraction experiment.