结核病检测技术 z-bo 2020-10-17 316

　　A study published in the journal The Lancet Infectious Diseases has invented a fast and accurate blood test method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. This method, called TAM-TB test, is the first reliable immunological diagnostic technique to detect active tuberculosis in children. TAM-TB is very sensitive and combines the sensitivity of tuberculosis culture testing with the speed of blood testing. This technology is a major advance in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children and a boon for tuberculosis-endemic areas.

　　Infantile tuberculosis is a serious public health problem. Approximately 1 million children worldwide suffer from tuberculosis each year. Unfortunately, diagnosing childhood tuberculosis faces major challenges. The symptoms of childhood tuberculosis are usually non-specific, as are common childhood diseases such as pneumonia and malnutrition. In addition, it is difficult to obtain enough respiratory samples to directly detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid and accurate detection method to diagnose tuberculosis in children.

　　A new method of detecting tuberculosis in children: TAM-TB test

　　TAM-TB detection relies on immunological phenomena at the onset of tuberculosis. During active infection, CD27, a specific surface marker of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CD4 + T cells, disappears. Using standard intracellular cytokine staining procedures and multicolor flow cytometry, test results can be obtained 24 hours after sampling.

　　This new test method was evaluated by the Ifakara Institute of Health and NIMR Beya Medical Research Center in Tanzania's tuberculosis-endemic area. TAM-TB is used to detect saliva and blood samples of children with tuberculosis symptoms. Compared with the results of tuberculosis culture studies, TAM-TB has higher sensitivity and specificity. Yes, the researchers say that this fast and reliable diagnostic technique has huge potential applications. The research team is also committed to further optimizing technical performance and reducing testing costs, especially for children infected with HIV. Their ultimate goal is to apply this fast, accurate and powerful detection technology to areas where tuberculosis is endemic but lack diagnostic skills.

　　Overview of childhood tuberculosis

　　Statistics from the World Health Organization show that 1 person is infected with tuberculosis every second and 6 people die of tuberculosis every minute. One-third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis. I will. "The Lancet" magazine reported that about 53 million children under the age of 15 are infected with latent tuberculosis and may develop active tuberculosis at any time. China adds 1.33 million new tuberculosis cases each year, accounting for 16% of the world's total. According to the 2000 National Tuberculosis Epidemiological Survey, the prevalence of tuberculosis among children aged 0-14 was 91.8 per 100,000 people. The treatment of tuberculosis still has a long way to go and requires the attention of the whole society.

　　Prevention of childhood tuberculosis

　　Adult tuberculosis patients with bacteria in their saliva, especially those who excrete bacteria in their families, are the source of childhood tuberculosis. To prevent your child from getting TB, there are three prevention methods.

　　BCG vaccination: Newborns are the main vaccination target. Vaccination must be completed within one year at the latest.

　　Drug prevention: Isoniazid (INH) can prevent infants and young children who are in close contact with patients with open tuberculosis.

　　Identify the source: Patients with active tuberculosis should be isolated and treated promptly to eliminate the source.

　　Besides, there is another thing the world can do to prevent spitting.