动物造模,高血压 z-bo 2020-07-27 619

　　Catecholamines and other fluid infusions in this type of model cause short-term hypertension and are therefore not suitable for long-term studies. The model of chronic experimental hypertension should be replicated. Except for hereditary hypertension animal models that can simulate the natural process of human hypertension, other types of chronic experimental hypertension animal models (neural prototype, kidney type, endocrine type, diet type, etc.) are specific. The treatment of surgery, drugs or other factors that need to be experienced is not completely clinically consistent with human hypertension, but it is still very important to screen effective antihypertensive drugs. This is an experimental method. The two most commonly used animals in the experiment are white mice and dogs. The latter two animals are rarely used because the source of monkeys is not easy, and the blood pressure of rabbits does not increase too much. 1. Hypertension is a large gray mouse, a mixture of white rats and domestic rats (more easily induced than purebred white rats), aged 4 months, located in a soundproof room. When it is placed, the bell or speaker will make noise. The speaker is an audio oscillator and is connected to a 20W tweeter. The noise stimulus must change frequently at a frequency of 700-1000 cycles per second, and the noise stimulus can be every 30 seconds or 30 seconds per minute. It can be changed at any time and does not have to be constant, but noise interference must be continuous between day and night. After 3 months of noise stimulation, blood pressure usually rises. The normal average systolic blood pressure of squirrels is 113±8 mmHg, which can be increased to 130-140 mmHg at present, and the systolic blood pressure of 40% of animals can be as high as 160 mmHg. This type of animal model of hypertension is similar to human hypertension and is suitable for screening antihypertensive drugs.

　　2. Experimental renal artery stenosis and hypertension. After anesthetizing the dog or rabbit, its position is located in the abdomen, 1.5 to 2 cm from the spine, the right side is along the edge of the ribs, and the left side is about 2 finger widths from the edge of the ribs. Yes. Make a 4 cm long skin incision, separate the subcutaneous tissue from the psoas muscle fascia, cut the membrane of the medial oblique muscle plate, push open the dorsal longus muscle, expose the kidney, and remove part of the renal artery. Separate carefully. Putting a silver clip or silver ring of a specific size (for 6-8 kg dogs, the ring diameter is 0.8-1.2 mm, for rabbits 0.5-0.8 mm, the ring diameter) into the renal artery to cause artery stenosis. If one side of the renal artery is narrowed, the other side of the kidney should be removed, and the next operation should be 10-12 days apart. Blood pressure began to rise a few days after the operation and reached a peak in 1 to 3 months, which can be maintained for a long time. For example, the average blood pressure of a rabbit before the operation was 100 mmHg, but it rose to 125 mmHg two weeks after the operation, 135 mmHg one month later, and 140 to 194 mmHg two months after the operation. In China, it has been proposed to make an incision in the midline of the abdomen and reduce two renal arteries in one operation. The speed and extent of the increase in blood pressure depends on the degree of narrowing of the renal arteries, but excessive narrowing of the renal arteries can lead to malignant hypertension and rapid arterial death. Generally, 1/4 to 1/3 of the hole of a thin container is suitable. This renal hypertension model has the same changes as clinical hypertension, and antihypertensive drugs are as effective as clinical patients.

　　3. Kidney outsourcing hypertension Extrarenal foreign body bandages cause perinephritis, forming a fibrous sheath on the outside of the kidney, compressing the renal parenchyma, causing renal tissue ischemia, increasing renin formation, and increasing blood pressure. Choose a rat of 120-150 g, disinfect the skin after anesthesia, cut along the midline of the spine from the 10th thoracic vertebra to the 3rd lumbar vertebra, and pull the muscle 1.5-2cm away from the left side and 1cm away from the spine. Using two kinds of fat, squeeze the kidney from the lower part of the abdomen through the mouth, carefully peel off the kidney and surrounding tissues, cut the self-made 2-layer latex film into an "X" shape, and then open the kidney door. Wrap the kidney and cut it on the other side. The right kidney was taken out, and the muscle and skin wounds were sutured after separation. 10,000 to 20,000 units of penicillin G are injected subcutaneously. After the operation, 1% sodium chloride solution can be added as a stimulus. After about 20 days, more than 70% of the rats will become hypertensive. Systolic blood pressure generally rises by more than 50%.