传染病,实验动物 z-bo 2020-07-27 691

　　Experimental

　　1 Pop has three basic links. The source of infection is mainly affected animals (incubation period, onset, recovery period) and animals with pathogens. Facilities contaminated by laboratory animal secretions and feces, waste, feed, drinking water, air, cooking utensils, etc. are pathogens.

　　2, transmission route

　　Blocking the route of transmission is the main method of infection control.

　　(1). Direct infection: Healthy animals become infected through direct contact with affected animals (including animals that carry pathogens). Rabies virus, monkey B virus, AIDS virus, etc.

　　①Horizontal transmission: mutual transmission between experimental animal groups. The route of infection includes damage to the digestive tract, respiratory tract, or skin and mucous membranes. For example, Salmonella is usually spread through the digestive tract, Sendai virus is usually spread through the respiratory tract, and Brucellosis is usually spread directly through reproduction.

　　②Vertical transmission: Pathogens such as mycoplasma and parvovirus infect the fetus from the mother through the placenta.

　　(2), indirect sending: sending through media.

　　① Non-biological transmission: a. Spread through water droplets and dust; b. Sprinkle feed and bedding; c. Spread through drinking water and drinking water equipment; d. Spread through the cage.

　　②Biological infections: Arthropods: flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, fleas, lice, ticks, mites, etc. b. Wild animals: Wild rodents usually carry multiple pathogens. For example, the urine of wild mice carrying pandemic hemophilia virus will contaminate the litter and feed of the experiment. C. Experimental animals: Experimental animals newly purchased from outside without strict isolation and isolation. d Breeders and experimenters do not pay attention to hygiene and prevention of infectious agents; zoonotic diseases can also be transmitted from humans, such as tuberculosis and brucellosis to laboratory animals.

　　3. Susceptible animals: animals that are sensitive to pathogens. Because experimental animals are kept in artificial environments and have low resistance to microorganisms, all animals are susceptible to infection, especially immunodeficient animals and experimental animals above the cleanliness level.

　　In order to do a good job in laboratory animal hygiene and infectious disease prevention, the links between the above three infectious diseases must be thoroughly controlled.