动物间传染癌症 z-bo 2020-10-20 315

　　Cancer is constantly developing, and humans should always remain vigilant in the long evolutionary process

　　infectious cancer

　　Cancer is terrible, but at least it is not contagious. This is our previous understanding, but the latest research from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Columbia University confirms that cancer can also spread. Related research results were published in the internationally renowned magazine "Cell" on April 9.

　　On the east coast of North America, light-colored crustaceans died of a leukemia. Just like the plague. Scientists have always suspected that certain viruses may cause leukemia in healthy crustaceans, but do not believe that leukemia can be spread. A team of Professor Michael Metzger of Columbia University confirmed that soft shell syrup was affected. It is contagious. If the blood cells of the soft-skinned hamaguri with this leukemia are injected into healthy soft-shelled hamaguri, unfortunately some of them will suffer from leukemia. The leukemia is related to the self-replicating DNA sequence "Steamer". The genome of a normal clam has only 2-10 copies, while the genome of a clam with leukemia has only 150-300 copies. copy. Such abnormal duplication can easily destroy the first important genes of the human body and even cause leukemia.

　　Soft-shelled bread crumbs are not the first animals to be truly disastrously affected by infectious cancer. Previous studies have shown that two types of cancer can spread between animals. Both Tasmanian devils and dogs are used.

　　Sack Anaguma lives in Tasmania, Australia. Tasmanian demons and powerful demons often suffer from Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD). What is even more frightening is the potential spread of this cancer.

　　In 2006, Australian scientists discovered that the normal Tasmanian devil has 14 chromosomes, while the DFTD Tasmanian devil has only 13 perforated chromosomes. This chromosomal abnormality is the same in all Tasmanians with the disease, thus confirming that DFTD is infectious. When Tasmanian devils bite each other for food and mating rights, cancer cells entered the Tasmanian devil’s face wound and spread at an alarming rate, causing the Tasmanian devil’s face to ulcer and block The respiratory tract. It was terrible, and I died on an empty stomach. Since the first case of DFTD was discovered in 1996, the number of Tasmanian devils has decreased by 60%, and was officially listed as an endangered species in 2008.

　　Compared with poor Tasmanians, dogs are relatively lucky. As early as 1871, it was proved that the contagious "canine contagious genital disease tumor" (CTVT) is relatively mild, can be effectively treated with drugs, and can even be cured spontaneously. I can do it.

　　In 2014, a Cambridge University study came to a surprising conclusion that all CTVT originates from dogs. CTVT may occur 11,000 years before the end of the ice age.

　　The number of animal victims may still be increasing. However, so far, no cancer has been found to spread between humans. In the human body, there are three main methods for the metastasis of cancer cells: blood, lymphatic metastasis and planting metastasis. Leukemia in the soft shell may also be a kind of planting metastasis. Cancer cells will spread into the seawater and float on other soft shells, causing disease. Dr. Wenbin Li, head of the Department of Oncology of Capital Medical University and chairman of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, told Caijing reporter: For example, if a patient with liver cancer spreads the hepatitis B virus to another person, another person is infected with the HPV virus. It may gradually develop into liver cancer or cervical cancer. sexual. These are viral infections. "

　　Cancer cells rarely exist directly. They spread from person to person, but in some extreme cases. For example, experts from the American Cancer Institute said that a 28-year-old mother in Japan was infected with fetal leukemia. Professor Mel Greaves, who conducted the study, found that the spread of cancer to infants by pregnant women is “very rare”. So far, only 30 suspicious cases have been found worldwide. I think it is not. "In theory, human skin cancer is somewhat similar to the Tasmanian Devil’s DFTD. If human immunity is weak, small scratches on the skin surface may be a hidden danger for skin cancer. Therefore, in other words, enhance immunity It is essential for cancer prevention. Immunotherapy is an important direction for cancer treatment and a globally recognized research direction. This is also sex," Li Wenbin emphasized. in case

　　creators have "Schindler's List", humans will definitely rank first and have a strong immune system, and for a long time, humans will not have to worry about the threat of infectious cancer. However, these two animals, the crustacean Asari and the Tasmanian devil, are on the verge of extinction due to infectious cancer, which reminds us that cancer is developing.