胰腺癌 z-bo 2020-10-20 297

　　Pancreatic cancer is a cancer with a high mortality rate. For every 100 cases of pancreatic cancer, only 3 cases can survive for more than 5 years, and the survival rate of this cancer has not increased in the last 40 years. Most patients with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed as advanced, and 80% of patients relapse after surgery.

　　Properties: Extracellular protein may help diagnose early breast cancer

　　Current research data on pancreatic cancer shows that early detection can save more lives, and patients will be able to get early diagnosis to indicate that you are eligible for surgery. Pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed as advanced, so currently only about 15% of patients can receive all types of surgery. Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found that extracellular proteins may be a standard biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The results of the research were recently published in Nature.

　　Exosomes include DNA, RNA and protein molecules. These are common and useful tools for studying various cancers. Vesicles and their contents can remain stable for a long time. In this study, researchers were able to isolate and monitor extracellular proteins from the serum of patients with pancreatic cancer. This protein is encoded by the Glypican-1 gene (GPC1), which researchers call this protein. GPC1 + crexos. MD Anderson Cancer Center President Raghu Kalluri, MD, said that this study detected the absolute specificity and sensitivity of GPC1 + crexos in the serum of 250 pancreatic cancer patients. This helps distinguish chronic pancreatic cancer from early or advanced pancreatic cancer. Interestingly, after the tumor is removed, the level of GPC1 + Kressos in the patient is significantly reduced. In this study, healthy pancreatic tissue and crexos levels in breast cancer and pancreatic cancer patients were also tested, and GPC1 + crexos levels were observed to increase in patients with both types of cancer.

　　Dr. Kalluri said: “GPC1 + crexos can be detected and separated from the blood and can be stored in the refrigerator for 30 years. There is no need to store a large amount of fresh blood like circulating tumor cells (CTC).” I am. Isolate conserved cancer cell exosomes from DNA, RNA and protein, and use them for subsequent genetic and biological analysis. Therefore, cancer exosomes are not only biomarkers, but their isolates can also provide cancer-specific information. "

　　MD Anderson’s team conducted important research and found that GPC1 + crexos seems to be more reliable than the CA19-9 biomarker. The researchers found that GPC1 + crexos was screened in mice with pancreatic cancer, and the MRI of these mice did not reveal any signs of pancreatic cancer.

　　Dr. David Piwnica-Worms of MD Anderson Cancer Imaging Center Chairman and co-author David Piwnica-Worms said: “Traditional MRI and CT for pancreatic cancer screening are very expensive and have a high false positive rate.” GPC1 + crexos and The combination of imaging systems can be used as a potential tool for detecting and monitoring pancreatic cancer, especially in early detection applications. "If we can compare future recurrences and detect pancreatic cancer as early as possible, we will find the pancreas and the mortality rate of cancer patients will decrease," said Dr. Karli. "Our findings show that pancreatic cancer is early. It is for finding and designing treatments. Surgical methods for pancreatic cancer offer possibilities."

　　ScientificReports: New compounds can prevent tumor regeneration in pancreatic cancer

　　Statistics show that 80% of cancer patients have undergone cancer regeneration after surgery. Therefore, for patients with pancreatic cancer, it would be great if the regeneration of pancreatic cancer tumors can be prevented. Scientists at the University of London found that this compound can reduce the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in mice by 80%. This compound is called MM41, which prevents abnormal gene expression. They blocked gene expression by targeting DNA that was four times the DNA commonly found in defective genes. The results of this study were published in "Natural Science Reports". The results of this study indicate that the MM41 compound has a strong inhibitory effect on the k-RAS and BCL-2 genes. Previous studies have shown that most pancreatic cancer patients contain these two genes.

　　The UCL team led by Professor Stephenadle initiated a small experiment funded by a British charity and the Pancreatic Canceresearch Fund. In this experiment, two groups of pancreatic cancer mice (eight in each group) received different doses of MM41. The experimental group was injected twice a week. The test cycle was maintained for 40 days. The control group received no treatment. During the experiment, the tumors of mice in the experimental group that received high doses of MM41 were reduced by 80%. After 30 days, all mouse tumors stopped regenerating. 25% of the tumors in the test mice disappeared completely, and there were no signs of regeneration 239 days after the test. This is roughly the same as the natural life span of a mouse. Research and analysis of mouse tumors showed that MM41 has spread to the center of cancer cells, indicating its ability to effectively target tumor cells. Throughout the course of the study, the researchers also found that the compound had no other obvious side effects on mice, the compound did not damage other tissues or organs of the mice, and all mice did not lose weight. With regard to this result, Dr. Needle said that this research may provide new treatments for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. MM41 can block the BCL-2 gene. BCL-2 gene is involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis. Dense population is a natural process in the human body that forces damaged cells to die. The BCL-2 gene is present in most tumor cells and can help cancer cells survive. However, when MM41 blocks the mouse BCL-2 gene, the cancer cells die.

　　Dr. Eidle emphasized: “Although these results are encouraging, MM41 is not an ideal choice for human trials and requires further research. We are currently working to optimize these drugs. For the treatment of pancreatic cancer, Maggie, CEO of the Pancreatic Cancer Research Foundation Maggie Blanks said: "We need to conduct further research on MM41. "Our funding strategy is to discover and develop more effective treatments for patients. The focus is on finding more effective early diagnosis methods for pancreatic cancer. Finding new ways to kill pancreatic cancer tumor cells is an exciting development process."