实验动物 z-bo 2020-07-27 594

　　1. Epidemic hemorrhagic fever:

　　1. Infectious disease-the source of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus. Apodem and Nortgicus infected with the virus

　　is the main source of infection and occasionally infects experimental rats.

　　2. The method of transmission is mainly by blood-sucking insects such as mites. The virus-carrying blood and urine contaminate broken skin and make people sick.

　　3. Susceptible population-humans, rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits.

　　4. Symptoms: fever, bleeding, shock, renal insufficiency, circulatory failure after infection and death in severe cases. Since experimental rats and wild mice are the natural hosts of the virus, the rats usually have no pathological changes after infection.

　　5. The virus is sensitive to lipid solvents. It can be inactivated with ether, chloroform, acetone, deoxycholic acid, etc. At pH 5.0 or lower, all objects can be killed for one hour at 60°C, and ultraviolet rays can be used to kill viruses within 30 minutes.

　　2. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

　　1. Source of infection: lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Wild or laboratory mice carrying the virus are the source of infection.

　　2. Pathways of contaminated secretions and feces of mice with infectious viruses, blood-sucking insects and vertical placental transmission.

　　3. Susceptible population-humans, mice, monkeys, guinea pigs, rats, hamsters, rabbits, dogs.

　　4. Symptoms-After infection, people will have flu-like symptoms. In severe cases, they will invade the central nervous system and cause meningitis.

　　mice can be infected as asymptomatic carriers. 5. The virus is sensitive to ethers and detergents and is not heat resistant. It can be inactivated at 56°C for 20 minutes. It can also inactivate 0.1% formaldehyde and ultraviolet rays.

　　3. Mousepox virus infectious foot disease:

　　1. Infected mousepox virus infection source. Sick and infected mice are the source of infection.

　　2. Route of infection-contact with the secretions, secretions and contaminated substances of diseased mice.

　　3. Susceptible animals-mice, especially A, C3H, DBA/2, BALB/C, CBA and other mouse strains.

　　4. Symptoms-mouse infections mainly cause acne rashes on the entire skin or locally, manifested by swelling of limbs and tail, inflammation and gangrene, and exfoliation of limbs. The autopsy revealed extensive necrosis of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and thymus, and bleeding from the intestines, kidneys and bladder.

　　5. Mousepox virus has a high resistance to dryness and low temperature, but 2% sodium hydroxide, 0.5% formalin and 3% carbonic acid can kill the virus.

　　Fourth, salmonellosis:

　　1. Salmonella infection source. Sick mice are the source of animal feces infections that carry wild mice, flies and bacteria.

　　2. After feces contaminate waste, feed and drinking water, it passes through the digestive tract of infection.

　　3. Susceptible population-mice, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits.

　　4. Symptoms-insufficient food and acute fulminant diarrhea lead to rapid death of the animal.

　　5. Mycoplasma disease:

　　1. The source of infection-Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma pneumonia, Mycoplasma and Mycoplasma arthritis). Mice and rats sick or carrying pathogens.

　　2. Female mice infected by the route of infection lick their offspring, nebulize the infection and indirectly contact through the contaminated cage.

　　3, susceptible animals mice, mice.

　　4. Symptoms-

　　(1) Mycoplasma lung and respiratory diseases: rhinitis, pneumonia, complicated otitis media: "tilt disease". Female rats are stillborn or infertile.

　　(2) Mycoplasma nerve stones-mouse rotation disease.

　　(3) Mycoplasma arthritis-rat polyarthritis.

　　6. Toxoplasmosis:

　　1. The source of infection-Toxoplasma gondii. Infectious oocysts and toxoplasma-containing cysts can become infected and cause disease.

　　2. Route of infection-the food consumed is contaminated with meat containing mature oocysts or toxoplasma cysts.

　　3. Susceptible population-humans, cats, mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, dogs, monkeys.

　　4. Symptoms-causes of granulomatous inflammation and organ necrosis (such as intestines, eyes, heart, brain, lungs, muscles, liver, spleen) and corresponding symptoms.

　　7, Monkey B virus

　　1. Monkey herpes virus, the source of infection, suffers from the oral mucosa of monkeys.

　　2. Transmission mode-contact transmission mode.

　　3. Humans are susceptible. Monkeys are the natural host of B virus, and the infection rate can reach 10-60%.

　　4. In most cases, the symptoms are benign, with only herpes and ulcers on the oral mucosa. Then, the virus lurks in the airways and ganglia near the urogenital organs for a long time, or in the tissues and organs to produce antibodies. .. Human contact infection is mainly a manifestation of encephalomyelitis, which kills most patients.

　　Monkeys were infected with B virus. Herpes first appeared on the tongue surface and the lip boundary between the oral mucosa and the skin, and finally formed an ulcer surface with fibrous necrotic skin, which healed within 7 to 14 days. The infected monkeys looked normal, and some monkeys had mucus and purulent discharge on their noses.

　　5. Virus B is sensitive to lipid solvents such as ether, deoxycholic acid and chloroform, and sensitive to heat. It can be inactivated at 56°C for 30 minutes. Ultraviolet light can also inactivate it.