模式动物 z-bo 2020-07-28 714

　　1. Main research areas of nematodes (1) Cell biology Caenorhabditis elegans cell apoptosis leads to 12% cell loss and 80% cell loss during embryonic development. Current studies on mutant individuals have shown that apoptosis genes constitute a linear regulatory pathway for genetic regulation of apoptosis (Horvitz HR. 2002). By constructing double deletion mutants between these genes or conducting transgene analysis, it is found that their gene regulation pathways are: egl-1→ced-9→ced-4→ced-3, among which ced-9 and ced-3 genes The product corresponds to a class of enzymes that perform mammalian cell apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2 and apoptotic caspase.

　　(2) RNAi and its mechanism of action RNAi and its genetic mechanism are another major contribution of nematodes to the development of modern life sciences. The discovery of Ai began when antisense RNA prevented the translation of endogenous mRNA for 30 years (FireA, 1998). The discovery of Ai and miRNA provides potential new methods for disease treatment.

　　2 The main research areas of fruit flies

　　Field (1) Biological research

　　Classical genetic research as a model organism, Drosophila revealed the basic principles and concepts of early eukaryotic genetics. Drosophila has been used since the 1970s and has been extensively used in developmental biology such as embryonic development (Nusslein-Volhard C, 1980), formation of various organs (LengyelJA, 2002), nervous system development, and advanced neural activities. the study. More and more behavioral mechanisms. Use it like this (GuoJZ, 2005).

　　(2) Research on fruit flies in human diseases

　　Among the human diseases studied using fruit fly models, research on neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (FeanyMS, 2000) and Altz is increasing. Haimer's disease. It is associated with diseases such as murder disease (YeYH, 1999), polyglutamine disease (SteffanJS, 2004) and fragile X syndrome (ZhangYQ, 2001). In addition, Drosophila can be used as a research model for tumors, cardiovascular diseases and mitochondrial diseases.

　　3 Zebrafish's main research areas

　　(1) Biological research

　　The life cycle includes the development, growth and maintenance of the physiological and psychological balance of the embryo, as well as the development, aging, and death of the germ cells. , Including each process. They are all complicated. In other words, they are controlled by genes and also affected by external factors. Embryo development studies using zebrafish mainly focus on the initiation of embryonic development, axis formation mechanism, germ layer induction and differentiation, embryonic cell migration mechanism, nervous system development, organ formation, and the initiation factors of the mother. Focus on impact. Asymmetric development, origin and migration of primordial germ cells (WilsonSM, 2004). (2) Application in human diseases

　　Zebrafish are vertebrates. Their growth and development process and the structure of their tissue systems are very similar to the structure of humans, genes and proteins. Also very similar. Zebrafish are both functional and highly conservative, making them an excellent model organism for studying the mechanism of human diseases. Several variants of Parmesanella have been identified, and their phenotypes belong to human diseases. For example, the sau mutant is similar to congenital sideroblastic anemia caused by human ALAS-2 gene mutations, the yqu mutant is similar to human erythrocyte porphyrin, and the gridlock mutant is similar to human congenital vasoconstriction. I'm. Same (SunZH, 2006).

　　3 mouse research areas

　　Mouse is the only model organism in mammals and plays an important role in human physiology and pathology research. Classical genetics has established more than 100 recombinant inbred lines (CoxRD, 2003). By comparing the physiological and biochemical phenotypes and genotypes of these inbred lines and their inbred lines, the regulatory mechanism of some complex traits can be used to discover the causes of complex diseases. Carefully create generous genetic analysis. At the same time, through large-scale gene deletion research, the establishment of gene deletion mouse strains and the analysis of gene function are also hotspots in mouse research.