实验动物 z-bo 2020-07-28 589

　　(1) The nutritional requirements of laboratory animals The nutritional requirements of laboratory animals refer to the basic requirements of various nutrients required to maintain normal animal growth and reproduction. In other words, nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins are needed on average every day. The nutritional requirements of experimental animals are the result of comprehensive research on the biology of various experimental animals, especially their digestive and metabolic properties. Due to differences in gender, age and physiological conditions, they are classified as nutritional requirements for maintenance, growth and reproduction. It is the basis for feed formulation design, feed processing and formulation, the use of nutritional additives, regulation of animal food intake and the formulation of feed standards. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare appropriate feeds according to the growth and reproduction characteristics of animals to meet the nutritional needs of experimental animals in various physiological periods. (2) Various nutritional requirements of experimental animals So far, it has been known that animals need more than 50 kinds of nutrients, the most important of which are protein, lipid and carbohydrate. There are 7 categories. , Minerals, vitamins, water, fiber. Its main function is to use fat, carbohydrates and protein as energy sources, protein and minerals as components of the human body, and use protein, vitamins and minerals to regulate human body functions. Because laboratory animals are a special kind of animals, their nutritional requirements must be strictly controlled to balance various nutrients and meet the physiological needs of laboratory animals. As shown in Table 3-2 (National Research Council), different animal species and different physiological conditions have different nutritional requirements.

　　(III) Determine the nutritional requirements of laboratory animals

　　When determining the nutritional requirements of experimental animals, first select some indicators as the basis for experimental decision-making, and use various experimental methods to select and determine the required amount of different measurement indicators. Traditionally, the growth/development (weight, organs, tissues, etc.) and reproductive performance of experimental animals have been used as measurement indicators, but currently, indicators such as blood biochemistry and immune function of experimental animals have been used as measurement indicators. It is gradually used as an indicator to determine nutritional requirements. This value is also increasing. This is because the body needs more nutrients to maintain its optimal physiological state compared to maintaining basic functional activities (such as growth and development). Take vitamin A as an example. Laboratory animals must maintain the best immune status. Optimal internal storage requirements → Effective internal storage requirements → Normal growth requirements → Must maintain growth requirements. (4) There are many factors that will affect the nutritional requirements of experimental animals in different periods. Due to the different varieties and strains of experimental animals, there are obvious differences in nutritional requirements. In addition, the sex, age, and physiological stage of experimental animals are also closely related to changing nutritional needs. In the production of experimental animals, the nutritional needs of animals are usually divided into growth, reproduction and maintenance according to their species, age and physiological conditions, and the nutritional ratio of the feed is checked accordingly.