实验动物 2020-07-28 702

　　1. The nutritional requirements of laboratory animals during growth

　　During the growth period of experimental animals, the feed must contain a variety of nutrients that can meet the needs of animal growth and assimilation in the body.. The growth of animals refers to the accumulation due to the absorption of the human body, the increase in the number of cells, and the increase in the volume of tissues and organs. Substances, thereby increasing the weight of the entire animal and its weight. From a biochemical point of view, growth is the result of material assimilation rather than catabolism in the body. From an anatomical point of view, the growth intensity of different tissues and organs and the overall growth rate of animals at different growth stages are different. In early growth, bone tissue, head and legs grow rapidly. In mid-term growth, body length and muscle growth are larger. In late growth, body growth and fat accumulation are the main factors. Yes. Therefore, even in the same animal, the distribution ratio of nutrients in the feed and the required nutrients also depend on the growth period.

　　2. The nutritional requirements of laboratory animals during the breeding season

　　The reproduction process of experimental animals includes the sexual maturation of hermaphrodite, the formation and maintenance of sexual function, the process of fertilization, pregnancy and feeding offspring, etc. Contains links, but any of them may be affected. The effects of feed nutrition can cause diseases. During the animal's mating season, it must not only meet the nutritional needs of the mother, but also provide a variety of high-quality and sufficient nutrients to promote the growth and development of the fetus and breastfeeding.

　　3. Nutritional requirements of laboratory animals during maintenance

　　Maintenance means that the weight of the experimental animal remains unchanged, no production, and various nutrients in the body are in a balanced state. .. The amount required for maintenance refers to the amount of nutrients, such as energy and protein, required for the experimental animals in the maintenance state. From a physiological point of view, the nutrition of an animal that maintains a state is in a "balanced" state, and the rate of assimilation and catabolism are the same. Maintenance requirements are used to meet the needs of dynamic balance, and only after the maintenance requirements are met, the excess nutrients can be used for production. Therefore, the nutritional requirements of experimental animals during the maintenance period refer to the nutritional requirements for maintaining normal body temperature, respiration, heart rate, basal metabolism and other basic life activities, and the nutritional requirements during the maintenance period. Most are mainly used for consumption. it can. In addition to the above three conditions, various factors, such as different types of experimental animals, the degree of microbial control, the interaction of different nutrients in the feed, and the processing and storage methods of the feed, also contribute to the nutritional needs of the experimental animals. There are varying degrees of impact.