超级细菌,病毒 z-bo 2020-10-26 371

　　Antibiotics have won the battle against resistant bacteria, but they may not. As you may know, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (also called super bacteria) can impair a doctor's ability to treat infections. You may also notice that the number of new antibiotics on the market has dropped dramatically. Some headlines indicate that humans are destined to suffer from antibiotic resistance. Even politicians and governments have participated in attempts to compare increased antimicrobial resistance with other common crises such as climate change. These claims are a bit exaggerated, but antibacterial resistance is a serious problem. As doctors, some people specialize in infectious diseases. They are deeply fascinated by the role of bacteria in human health and the use of viruses to treat bacterial infections.

　　What is the cause of antibiotic resistance? Abuse of antibiotics is an important factor in causing antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are ubiquitous in the United States, and some patients need these drugs to treat many different diseases. Many doctors reassure patients because they do not know when and when to use it, and because there is no regulatory structure to restrict its use. Anyone with a prescription can use any antibiotic to treat any disease, rarely facing serious consequences. Although some measures have been taken to reduce the use of antibiotics, the scope of this problem is still large in the United States. In some countries, for example

　　Sweden, using incentives to encourage doctors to improve their antibiotic use. However, hospitals and clinics in the United States do not yet have a similar system. This problem is not unique to humans. In fact, 70% of antibiotics are used in animals. This means that as long as humans come into contact with animal products, they may be exposed to antibiotics. Chicken legs prepared for dinner may also have antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Once the bacteria has developed resistance, it will not disappear. For example, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved into resistance to multiple antibiotics, but restricting the use of antibiotics that cause MRSA can limit its spread. MRSA remains in hospitals and communities. Exist in.

　　antibiotic substitute

　　Another reason for finding alternatives to antibiotics is that we share microorganisms with people and pets around us. Therefore, other people can contract these super bacteria without taking antibiotics. One of the reasons for the development of new therapies is that our bodies have large microbial communities that contain bacteria, called microbial communities. These microorganisms are necessary to maintain our health. Antibiotics that kill harmful bacteria can also kill beneficial bacteria. There is an alternative to antibiotics, which was abandoned by medical professionals many years ago.

　　The story of primitive phage treatment

　　Another method is called phage therapy, which uses bacteria (viruses that infect phage) to kill disease-causing bacteria. Bacteriophages were often used in the 1920s and 1940s to treat early life-threatening infections, followed by antibiotics. However, phage therapy has many disadvantages. First, the effectiveness of bacteriophages is unpredictable. Bacteriophages can destroy one person's harmful bacteria, but they cannot destroy another person. Therefore, the hospital had to collect a large number of phages to kill the pathogenic bacteria in all patients. On the contrary, antibiotics like vancomycin can kill all bacteria.

　　Another disadvantage of

　　 is that the collection of phage requires maintenance. Therefore, hospitals not only need to store large amounts of phage, but also need to maintain their shape. This is why medicine chooses antibiotics for convenience, and it has only recently been reviewed in a meaningful way.

　　will you come back?

　　So why is phage therapy back? Antibiotic resistance is the obvious answer, but it does not explain the whole situation. Early attempts are neither conducive to success, nor to major failures, so just because phage therapy is mentioned, doctors can be regarded as "Doctors of Rivers and Lakes." Like other treatments, it also has its advantages and disadvantages.

　　However, advances in science have made it possible to find the best phage to destroy certain microorganisms. With the growing crisis of antimicrobial resistance, doctors and scientists have a good opportunity to jointly develop effective phage therapy. The evidence comes from the latest breakthrough in phage therapy.

　　The institute has successfully treated doctors with serious prognosis due to life-threatening infections and multi-drug resistant bacteria. This is a good example. Another important case of mass media prevalence has allowed this trend to continue. A doctor may be able to treat the bacteria that cause any disease; it's just a matter of finding the right phage.

　　Most of the research on phage therapy is devoted to "phage screening". Microbiologists carefully study the soil, the ocean, and the human body to identify phages that kill the bacteria that plague us. Despite the slow progress of these studies, new research shows the potential of treating bacteriophages in medicine. In all phage screening and breakthrough cases, we may think that we have been using phage therapy, but this is not the case.

　　Bacteria use case

　　The advantage of antibiotics is that they have been used for decades, and we know a lot about their safety. Doctors can easily calculate the risk-benefit ratio of antibiotics every day, but they cannot do it with phages. Do people really want doctors to inject this virus to treat bacterial infections? When asking questions in this way, I don’t think it was the choice of others. However, remember that phages are formed naturally. They are on every surface of your body. They are in the ocean and soil of your toilet and sink. They must be everywhere.

　　Therefore, nature kills bacteria in the body every day. As far as we know, this will not harm our body. Bacteriophages can kill half of the world's bacteria every 48 hours and are estimated to be the most effective antibacterial agent. When doctors give us bacterial products instead of getting the same bacterial products from the household sink, do we really have a reason to be really worried? I only know time. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance continues to rise, so you may not have time.