可卡因 z-bo 2020-11-02 334

　　The nucleus accumbens of the brain plays a central role in the "risk-reward" circuit. Their operation is mainly based on three essential neurotransmitters: dopamine, which promotes desire; dopamine, which promotes desire. Serotonin, whose effects include satiety and inhibition; and glutamate, can drive goal-oriented behaviors and responses to reward-related cues and situations.

　　In a study using genetically modified mice, a teacher at the University of Wyoming found that the nucleus accumbens recruited with cocaine is very different from the nucleus accumbens recruited with sucrose or sugar. Because they are separate, there is a possibility that the problem of drug use can be solved without affecting the biological search for rewards.

　　Ana Clara Bobadilla, assistant professor at the University of Washington School of Pharmacy and WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) medical education program said: "We found that in the nucleus accumbens, sucrose and cocaine stimulate Most of the areas do not overlap."

　　Bobadilla is the lead author of the paper, which was published on September 28 in "Molecular Psychiatry" under the title "Cocaine and Sucrose Rewards Recruit Different Seeking Ensembles in the Nucleus Accumbens Core". The focus is to conduct research at the junction of preclinical and clinical research, including research at the cellular, molecular, integrated, clinical, imaging and psychopharmacological level.

　　Bobadilla conducted this research while completing his postdoctoral work at the Medical University of South Carolina. The project started in mid-2017. A contributor to this study now works at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical School District.

　　She said that at present, the recruitment process for each reward specific team is unclear. However, using molecular biology tools, Bobadilla was able to identify which types of cells were recruited in the cocaine and sucrose collection.

　　These cells are called GABAergic projection neurons, also called spinal neurons. They account for 90% to 95% of accumbens neurons. These midspine neurons express dopamine D1 or D2 receptors.

　　The study determined that the recruited sucrose and cocaine group were mainly medium spiny neurons expressing D1 receptors. Bobadilla said that these results are consistent with the general understanding in the field that activation of the D1 pathway promotes reward seeking, while activation of the D2 pathway leads to aversion or reduced seeking.

　　Bobadilla said: "All drugs of abuse have a high recurrence rate. However, each type of addictive drug exhibits different acute pharmacology and synaptic plasticity. We are now investigating whether the overall reward characteristics can explain these differences."