生物学,物理学 z-bo 2020-11-02 521

　　In a review published in the journal Science, Dr. Hadi T. Nia and Dr. Lance L. Munn from Harvard Medical School described four different physical characteristics of cancer and microenvironmental characteristics that affect cancer cells and tumors, which are helpful For tumor growth and the development of resistance to powerful anti-cancer drugs.

　　A widely accepted cancer model believes that normal cells become cancerous due to genetic mutations or environmental damage. In this model, cancerous cells begin to replicate out of control and take over normal tissues, showing eight significant signs, including promoting and maintaining tumor growth, evading the immune system to try to inhibit growth, stimulating blood flow to the tumor, and invasion of both Ability. Local tissue and metastasis (spread) to other parts of the body.

　　The author said, but this model does not take into account how physical processes affect tumor progression and treatment. Dr. Robert Weinberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Dr. Douglas Hanahan of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne proposed the above eight biomarkers of cancer. Jain and colleagues proposed to add four different markers to capture tumor biomechanical abnormalities: solid pressure rise. High; increased tissue fluid pressure; increased stiffness and changed material properties; and changed the microstructure of the organization.

　　Steele laboratory after 30 years of research, discovered the first two signs and carried out clinical transformation. "Solid stress is caused by proliferating and migrating cells pushing and stretching the solid components of surrounding tissues. They are large enough to compress the blood and lymphatic vessels in and around the tumor, impairing blood flow, oxygen, drugs, and immune cells. delivery".

　　The increased tissue fluid pressure is due to the abnormally permeable blood vessels in the tumor causing the leakage of plasma into the tissues surrounding the tumor and insufficient drainage of lymph fluid. The interstitial fluid carries various growth factors, causing edema, the release of drugs and growth factors, and promoting cancer infiltration into local and distant tissues.

　　The increase in stiffness is caused by the deposition of cell matrix (scaffold) and tissue remodeling. Traditionally, this stiffness has been used as a diagnostic marker for tumor growth, and recently, it has been considered a prognostic marker. Increased stiffness activates signaling pathways that promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis.

　　"Finally, when the normal tissue structure is destroyed by cancer growth and infiltration, the microstructure will also change. Astrocytes, cancer cells and extracellular matrix adopt new tissues. This changes the relationship between single cells and their surrounding matrix and cells. The interaction between them affects the signaling pathways related to invasion and metastasis."

　　Jain said that in this review article in the journal Science, he and his colleagues hope to bridge the physical sciences by exploring the biological origin and impact of the physical characteristics of cancer from the perspectives of cancer biologists and oncologists. The gap between biology and biology. From the perspective of physicists and engineers to understand and overcome physical abnormalities in workbenches and clinics, they will develop new models and strategies for research, diagnosis and treatment.