藏酋猴,实验动物 z-bo 2020-07-28 652

　　The main Tibetan monkey is a wild primate protected by the state in China. It is called the Sichuan monkey and is a large green monkey belonging to the monkey family. The Tibetan long monkey is rugged and is the largest monkey in China.

　　The Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology was approved by the Sichuan Provincial Forestry Department in 2004 to establish a standardization project for the main monkey experimental animals in Tibet. The Institute of Zoology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences has become the only company in the country that conducts research and research on major Tibetan monkeys. Since 2004, the institute has conducted research on major Tibetan monkeys. Almost 6 million yuan has been invested in various aspects.

　　1. Research breeding environment and facilities

　　has sufficient indoor and outdoor facilities, sturdy, can prevent escape, please consider the lifestyle of Tibetan monkeys in the wild, and establish an environmentally-friendly Tibetan monkey farm. Where to eat and sleep

　　2. Through the research of artificial breeding and breeding by the Wild Animal and Plant Rescue Center of the Ministry of Forestry, 173 wild Tibetan longhair monkeys (MacacathibetanathibetanaMilne-Edwards) were introduced from Mabian County. The imported wild Tibetan longhair monkeys are parasitic inside and outside the body. insect. As well as anthelmintics, detection of zoonotic diseases, quarantine preparations (tuberculosis and internal and external parasites) procedures and technical specifications for wild monkey invasion, artificial breeding and management of wild monkeys,

　　first selected some wild Tibetan major monkeys with strong body shape and good physical and morphological characteristics after stage isolation to establish a breeding herd.

　　Currently, there are nearly 120 major Tibetan monkeys who are pregnant and giving birth, and nearly 100 surviving monkeys. We studied how to artificially feed the Tibetan chief monkey baby.

　　After years of research and observation, we have a new understanding of the pregnancy and childbirth laws of Tibetan monkeys. According to data, regardless of the season, the main wild Tibetan monkeys are mating and breeding seasonally. Born from January to August. During the breeding process, it was discovered that a wild Tibetan monkey was born and reproduced in September 2006 and December 2006. This shows that the main wild Tibetan monkeys can be raised in captivity. Switch to non-seasonal mating and non-seasonal breeding.

　　3. Feed formula design, food preparation technology and feeding method research.

　　According to the national primate laboratory animal feed nutrition standard, we designed the feed formula, food preparation technology and feeding method based on the characteristics of the main monkeys in Tibet.

　　Four. Research on disease prevention technology and methods.

　　Daily sanitation and disinfection, new monkey disease quarantine, infectious disease prevention and control measures and systems, and the establishment of major common disease prevention and treatment methods. This can effectively control the spread of the main Tibetan monkeys and prevent common diseases. deal with. Diarrhea is a common disease in Tibetan monkeys. We have some experience and experience. Its prevalence has dropped significantly from 90% in 2005 to 10% in 2012. The cure rate of the disease has increased significantly.

　　Fives. Identifying the main monkeys in Tibet, establishing and managing personal files can promote accurate and effective identification, and thus establish personal files and genealogical genetic data. Individual identification can record the growth and reproduction of each monkey from birth to adulthood, the prevention and treatment of genetic diseases, and lay the foundation for future research work.

　　6. Perform microbial control in accordance with the national control standards for microbes and parasites in primate laboratory animals to establish microbial detection methods. The content includes monkey ectoparasites, intestinal parasites, tuberculosis, intestinal pathogens (salmon, Shigella), skin pathogens, simian B virus (simian herpes virus type I) and sarcoma.

　　7. basic research

　　7.1 Research on genetic DNA (RNA) of main monkeys in Tibet

　　Methods and techniques have been established to extract DNA (RNA) from monkey blood for analysis and determine the genetic background of individuals in the herd. Lymphocytes were separated from peripheral blood of Tibetan monkeys by gradient density centrifugation, cultured in 1640 + 10% fetal calf serum medium, activated with PHA and separated. Total DNA and RNA were extracted from the cells, and the cDNAs of two Tibetan monkey genes were amplified by TR-PCR and PCR using human and rhesus monkey gamma interferon and interleukin 6 gene primers, and purified cDNA was obtained. The PMD16-T cloning vector was transfected into E. coli cells, amplified and purified to obtain a large amount of the two DNA genes. Then use the ABI3730 sequence analyzer for nucleotide sequence analysis. The sequence results obtained included the interferon and interleukin-6 genes of other primates (including 17 primates, including rhesus monkeys, monkeys south of pig tails, cynomolgus monkeys, guinea pig baboons and white-collar monkeys). Compare scientific and phylogenetic research. The nucleotide sequences of the interferon and interleukin-6 genes of the main monkeys in Tibet were determined for the first time, and the evolutionary status of the Old World monkeys of the main monkey genus in Tibet was determined at the gene level that closely matched the two gene sequences of the macaques. It has reached 99.4-99.8%, which is very close to the basis of human infectious disease medicine, and has confirmed its application value in biomedical research. The detailed understanding and analysis of the genetic background of the Tibetan leader as a new experimental animal, as well as the genetic management of the experimental animal population, provide a wealth of guiding information and theoretical basis.

　　has completed the complete sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA of Tibetan primates. The complete sequence is 16540 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 regulatory region. Combine information from genetic databases of other species to analyze their genetic organization. It proves that its evolutionary state is similar to rhesus monkeys and is closely related to humans. The genetic basis can replace the biomedical research work of rhesus monkeys; two new pseudogenes X23 (2003bp) and X9 (2180bp) were discovered. This population has high genetic diversity (h = 0.9033,, = 0.0155), low inbreeding and low genetic drift, which provides a basis for population genetic control and genetic diversity maintenance. The detailed understanding and analysis of the genetic background of the Tibetan leader as a new experimental animal, as well as the genetic management of the experimental animal population, provide a wealth of guiding information and theoretical basis.

　　7.2 Biological Rhythm Research

　　Method: Use a small implantable body temperature monitor and a small collar activity monitor to display the body temperature and spontaneity of the main monkeys in Tibet in a natural state and a black state respectively. Continuously monitor changes in dynamic rhythm. The Halberg cosine method analyzes rhythm characteristics. At various time points (the first day of the experiment, 6 days a day and 4 hours from each time point), venous blood was collected, serum was separated, and changes in serum corticosteroid levels were detected by radioimmunoassay. The black living environment of the main Tibetan monkeys was placed in an environment with or without other monkey groups, and the changes in the spontaneous activity rhythm of the main Tibetan monkeys in each environment were analyzed. Collect Tibetan monkey blood samples, prepare cDNA, analyze the cDNA sequence homology of various animal rhythm genes, design PCR primers for the main rhythm genes using human templates, and sequence the PCR products to determine whether there are corresponding rhythm gene fragments. The circadian rhythm analysis method uses a comprehensive analysis method centered on the Halberg cosine method.

　　Conclusion: The main monkeys in Tibet have a clear circadian rhythm. When entering the dark environment from natural light, the adaptability of natural activity rhythm is faster than that of humans and mice, and the cycle of free rhythm is also shorter than that of humans. Therefore, it can be compared with the long-term field. Related to life; Tibetan monkeys have a rhythmic asynchrony similar to human spontaneous endogenous asynchrony; Tibetan monkeys may have clock genes (homologous sequences have been found. However, its function has not been confirmed); social factors may play a role with monkeys The timing factor of the Tibetan chief is related; the analysis of the main monkey rhythm in Tibet shows that the element cannot be found. 7.3 Biological characteristics

　　The increase in body weight and age will slow down the lipid metabolism of the main Tibetan monkeys, making it more likely to cause similar hyperlipidemia in humans. Reproduction and experiments have shown that compared with macaques or cynomolgus monkeys, their behavior, psychological aspects such as face, hands (skin fingerprints or fingerprints), tail (very short), skin characteristics and natural hair loss rate are higher. it has been. The male reproductive organs are bare, the personality is relatively quiet, friendly and domesticated, and close to humans. Middle-aged and old monkeys tend to be obese and slow to move. It has biological characteristics such as biological research and has great scientific and applied value.

　　7.4 It is recommended to detect normal blood images and biochemical reference values

　　I have nearly 200 short-haired Tibetan monkeys (20 years old ∽ 1 year old), which have many potential developmental values. The main ones are:

　　(1) A unique animal model of sealed gut bacteria of the main monkey.

　　(2) Animal models of specific aspects of nutritional metabolism.

　　(3) Research on animal models caused by obesity and other animal models.

　　(4) Time biology model.

　　(5) Animal models of reproductive physiology.

　　(6) Geriatric disease. In order to be

　　Tibet’s main monkey, the main scientific research projects I can perform are:

　　(1) Animal models of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella.

　　(2) Reproductive Physiology

　　(3) Behavior, psychiatry and neurobiology research

　　(4) Monkey reproduction.

　　(5) Research on infectious diseases.

　　(6) Drug metabolism research.

　　(7) Efficacy test research, acute toxicity test, long-term toxicity test.