骨髓瘤,实验动物 z-bo 2020-07-28 607

　　(1) Spontaneous myeloma

　　According to reports, tumors capable of synthesizing immunoglobulin exist in dogs, horses, hamsters, rats and mice. Except for rats and mice, these tumors are only accidentally found in other animals, so they have not been widely used in research. In mice, tumors associated with Ig production include plasmacytoma (myeloma) and lymphoma. These tumors can secrete Ig or have Ig binding on the cell surface, or both secretion and surface binding. The most widely studied mouse tumor that can produce Ig is plasmacytoma. The source is monoclonal. Almost every plasmacytoma cell produces only one Ig molecule, which contains the same light and heavy chains. Spontaneous plasmacytoma in mice most commonly occurs in the lamina propria of the ileocecal mucosa, accompanied by mucosal ulcers and submucosal inflammation. Late-stage tumor metastasized to mesenteric lymph nodes. The Pilgrim system studied 125 cases of plasmacytoma in the ileocecal area of mice, and the diagnosis was based on abnormal morphological plasma cells in the back. Such tumors are generally difficult to transplant successfully. According to reports, the established transplanted tumor strains are: IgG-producing ×5563, IgA-producing ×5647, SPCI and DPCI (all derived from C3H/He mice) and YPCI (derived from BALB/CXA F1 hybrid mice) ).

　　(two) induced myeloma

　　In 1959, Mervin first reported that BALB/C mice induced plasmacytoma was implanted into the abdominal cavity of mice with a microporous diffusion cassette containing C3H mouse breast cancer tissue. After 6 months, plasma cells were formed in the subperitoneal knot tissue. Tumor or fibrosarcoma with hemorrhagic ascites. Later, it was discovered that infusion of Freund's adjuvant into the abdominal cavity of BALB/C mice could induce plasmacytoma, and only injection of mineral oil could also induce plasmacytoma. Potter reported in 1962 that 0.5 ml of mineral oil was injected into the abdominal cavity of mice, once every two months, 3 times in total. 40-60% of female mice could induce plasmacytoma. Its induction may be related to many factors, the most important of which is genetic factors. BALB/C mice have unique sensitivity and high plasmacytoma induction rate. Other pure mice such as DBA/2, A/He, A/LN, C57BL/He, C57BL/Ka, C3H/He, etc., Injecting mineral oil or implanting a diffusion cassette only occasionally induce plasmacytoma. NZB mice may be as sensitive as BALB/C mice, but the induction rate is usually lower due to other causes. In the first generation of BALB/C and other strains of mice, the induction rate of injection of mineral oil is generally very low, but the exception is (BALB/C×NZB) F1 induction rate is as high as 60%. Another related factor is hormones. When BALB/C mice are injected with mineral oil, the induction rate of male mice is higher than that of female mice. Injection of testosterone in female mice can increase the induction rate, and injection of progesterone, estradiol, and cortisol can inhibit plasmacytoma. Injection of pure alkane compound Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) can induce plasmacytoma in BALB/C mice. In 1983, Potter reported that the induction rate of plasmacytoma is roughly proportional to the amount of Pristane injected. The induction rate for a total injection of 1.5 ml (three injections, 0.5 ml each time) is 61%; the dose is 1 ml (one injection) ) The induction rate was 42%, and the induction rate was 39% for two injections of 1 ml; the induction rate for one injection of 0.5 ml was only 22%. Rat age also has an effect on the induction rate. Comparing animals of 2 months, 8 months and 1 year, the induction rate is lowest in animals of 1 year.