动物检疫,动物实验室 z-bo 2020-07-28 662

　　The animal quarantine station is a special place for diagnosis of zoonotic and parasitic diseases related to animals and their products, in terms of pathogens, immunology, enzymology, serology, molecular biology and biochemistry. A variety of pathogenic microorganisms are commonly used in laboratories. These pathogenic microorganisms are not only pathogenic to livestock and poultry, but can also infect humans. If not strictly controlled, it will not only contaminate the laboratory and lead to test results. Failure or destruction can also pollute the surrounding environment, threaten livestock and poultry, and even cause disease outbreaks. Comorbidities may also cause laboratory staff infections. The types of pathogens that caused laboratory infections were bacteria 49.1%, viruses 31.6%, rickettsiae 11.3%, fungi 5.7% and parasites 2.3%. Therefore, in order to obtain accurate quarantine and test results from the laboratory without causing automatic infection or spreading pathogenic microorganisms, certain requirements must be put forward for the animal quarantine laboratory.

　　The design of the quarantine laboratory must meet the safety requirements. In a laboratory engaged in high-risk pathogenic microorganisms, there is a 60 cm wide and 60 cm deep rodent-proof trough around the building to prevent wild rodents from entering the laboratory. Laboratory animal rooms must be strictly protected to prevent animals from escaping, and doors and windows must be tight. Animal cages and laboratory doors should be fastened or locked, especially for laboratory animals such as poultry and monkeys. Need full protection. The laboratory animal room is equipped with reliable exhaust disinfection equipment, autoclave, independent sewage treatment system and special animal incinerator, used to treat animal carcasses and all debris in the highly toxic laboratory. You also need

　　sterilization room is a laboratory sterilization room, which should be installed on the innermost side to prevent airflow pollution. In addition to setting up a sterile room, you can also use a clean bench and an aseptic operation box for aseptic operations.

　　Aseptic operating room includes operating room, buffer room and changing room. The operating room should not be too large or too small. The main purpose of the buffer room is to protect the sterile environment of the operating room and prevent external air from directly entering the operating room due to air convection. At the same time, you can install experimental equipment, such as an incubator and a centrifuge, so that you can complete the experiment in a relatively sterile state without having to take it out of the room. The dressing room is mainly used to isolate clothes. For toxic isolation experiments, it is necessary to install shower equipment and shower in and out to ensure safety. The airtightness, high temperature, high humidity, and high carbon dioxide concentration of the sterile operating room can easily cause bacteria to grow and harm the human body.

　　When designing a sterile operating room, please pay attention to the following points:

　　1. Choose a place where there is no direct sunlight, preferably a cool place to prevent the room temperature from rising.

　　2. The ceiling height should not exceed 2m to ensure the effective disinfection effect of the ultraviolet lamp.

　　3. Horizontal sliding doors and double airtight frosted windows should be installed to prevent indoor air circulation.

　　4. The ceiling, floor and walls should be smooth and free of dead ends, and be painted with tiles or paint to facilitate cleaning and disinfection.

　　5. The constant temperature and humidity regulator needs to use the air chamber to return, and add a small amount of new filtered air system.

　　Today, a clean workbench is usually used instead of a sterile operating room. The clean workbench has the advantages of convenient use, small space, and convenient cleaning and disinfection. There are many types of cleaning work, such as parallel and vertical airflow, complete and composite types, single operation and double operation. The working principle of the clean workbench is to use a blower to slowly pass the highly filtered air through the workbench to generate sterile positive air pressure. As a result, the surrounding air with bacteria cannot easily flow into the clean workbench, and the purpose of aseptic operation is achieved. Therefore, because there is no large air circulation around during use, it is best to place the clean bench in a clean, dust-free room to prevent dust from clogging the filter and prolong the use time. The laboratory engaged in aquatic animal quarantine should not only meet the general requirements, but also establish an aquarium based on its characteristics.