实验动物 z-bo 2022-02-04 466

　　1 Introduction

　　A large number of toxic chemicals are stored in the workplace. As with emergency procedures in case of poisoning, it is important to understand the toxicity of chemicals to the environment and self-protection equipment. The most common poisoning is through inhalation or ingestion of toxic substances. Most countries have poison control centers (or equivalent agencies) that provide effective resources to advise on the treatment of potential poison intake or exposure. It is important to inform the poison control center of the nature and time of poison exposure, the name of the poison, and follow all instructions of the center.

　　2. Summary of scientific evidence

　　1, external contact

　　Water rinse: After contact with corrosive poisons, rinse the skin and eyes with water to reduce the degree of tissue damage. This is an important first aid measure. Many studies on skin and eye contact with acids and alkalis show that timely flushing of water can improve the prognosis during emergency treatment. In a series of non-random case studies, timely (emergency) and delayed (hospital treatment) skin cleansing, a large amount of rapid skin washing during chemical burns, significantly increased the incidence of third-degree burns. The number of hospitalizations has been reduced by half. Evidence from animal studies also supports that flushing can reduce the damage of acid to the skin and eyes. In a study on gastric acid-burned skin in rats, washing with water within 1 minute after burns caused a slight decrease in tissue pH, while delayed washing significantly lowered the pH of the skin.

　　2, body exposure

　　Dilution with milk or water: There is no research on ingested caustic alkali dilution therapy. Five animal studies have shown that if the esophageal tissue is exposed to acid or alkali, adding diluents may help. In vitro chemical studies have shown that no matter whether it is a strong acid or a strong base, adding a large amount of diluent is not beneficial.