实验动物 z-bo 2022-02-02 496

　　(1) The concept of laboratory animal environment

　　Experimental animal environment refers to a special artificial place where animals are raised in a limited space controlled by humans and grow, reproduce and experiment according to human wishes. The environment outside the breeding room or animal laboratory is the external environment, and the inside is called the internal environment. The internal environment has two levels of mutual influence, but they need to be distinguished. The various physical and chemical factors that directly affect the animal body in the breeding cage are called the small environment, and the various physical and chemical factors in the breeding room (such as the placement of the animal cage) belong to the large environment. I call it from the perspective of management, the environment of experimental animals mainly considers larger environmental factors, but the impact on the physiological state of animals should be considered in a smaller environment.

　　The quality of the external environment will directly affect the indoor environment, and harmful substances in the external environment will enter the room through the air or other means and pollute the breeding room or animal laboratory. Therefore, the laboratory animal room should be as far away as possible from various pollution sources and create the best environment.

　　(2) The importance of environmental management

　　1. Laboratory animals refer to animals that have undergone scientific protection, reproduction and production under specific conditions, as well as under specific environmental and nutritional conditions, in accordance with microbial control standards and genetic requirements. It can be said that there is no laboratory animal without environmental management. A full understanding of the impact of environmental factors on laboratory animals is essential to the growth, development, reproduction, and ability of experimental animals for good experimental treatment.

　　2. The performance of animal traits depends on many factors, mainly genetic and environmental factors. Genetic genes are an important basis for determining biological characteristics, but in personal development, genetic performance is inseparable from environmental influences. The genotype of an animal is affected by the developmental environment to determine its phenotype, and the phenotype is affected by the animal's growth environment to determine its performance. Changes in the developmental environment (from fertilization, childbirth to weaning) may cause different responses to biological genetic material due to different environmental conditions, and certain genes are more sensitive or limited to environmental changes. In very special circumstances that cause genetic mutations, such as radiation exposure and drug effects.

　　3. Animals have the ability to adapt and respond to environmental changes. This adaptation can be behavioral or physiological, such as metabolism, body temperature, mobility, feed consumption, hormone secretion, sleep patterns, weight changes, morphology, sexual maturity, reproduction, feeding, and lactation. These behavioral and physiological changes will affect the results of animal experiments. Animals of different breeds and strains have different adaptability to the environment. Inbred and immunodeficient animals have lost the extensive ability to adapt to the environment and therefore require stricter environmental conditions.

　　(3) The meaning of environmental management

　　1. Through environmental management of laboratory animals, we can control the performance of laboratory animals and ensure the health and quality of laboratory animals.

　　2. Create standard animal experiment conditions to ensure accurate and consistent results for experimental research.

　　3. Provide appropriate conditions for laboratory animals and workers engaged in animal experiments to protect their health. The higher the degree of environmental control, the more stable the experimental animals and the more accurate, repeatable and reliable experimental results. If environmental conditions are not properly controlled, stable and consistent experimental results may be difficult and may even lead to wrong conclusions. '

　　2. Classification of environmental factors in laboratory animals

　　The environmental factors that affect experimental animals are all external conditions that affect the animal's individual development, growth, response, physiological and biochemical balance. Means. According to the reasons and nature of these external conditions, the environmental factors affecting laboratory animals can be classified as:

　　(I) Climatic factors

　　Climate factors include temperature, humidity, airflow, wind speed, ventilation, etc.

　　(2) Physical and chemical factors

　　Physical and chemical factors include dust, odor, noise and lighting.

　　life factor

　　Living factors include construction, cages, bedding, food and water supply. (4) Biological factors. Similar animal factors-social status, scope of influence, struggle, reproduction density, etc.; heterogeneous animal factors-microorganisms, humans and other animal species.

　　Nutritional factors

　　Nutrition factors include animal feed, nutrition and water. Among the various factors mentioned above, the influence of feed, nutrition and microbiological factors on laboratory animals is explained in the chapter on laboratory animal diet, nutrition and microbial control. The environmental factors mentioned here are other factors that remove nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms.