【Animal model】-Respiratory system disease
动物模型,呼吸系统疾病
z-bo
2022-03-24
514
(1) Chronic bronchial pneumonia model
Rats, guinea pigs or monkeys are often used to inhale irritating gases (such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia, smoke, etc.) to replicate human chronic bronchitis. It has been found that the submucosal glands of pigs are similar to humans, and tracheitis and pneumonia often occur, so it is considered that it is a more suitable animal to replicate human chronic tracheitis. Norepinephrine can cause tracheal gland hypertrophy similar to humans.
(2) Emphysema model
Inject a certain amount of papain, bromelain (Bromelin), sepsis (Alcalas), trypsin (Trypsin), thermolysin (Thermolysin) into the trachea or intravenously of animals such as rabbits, and separate purulent sputum and white blood cells The resulting proteolytic enzymes can be replicated into experimental emphysema. The experimental emphysema lesions formed by papain are obvious and typical, or it can be replicated into emphysema and pulmonary heart disease models by adding tracheal stenosis on the basis of papain. The advantage is that the etiology and disease changes are close to humans. Monkeys inhale a certain depth of SO2 and smoke every day (50g tobacco shreds for 2.5 hours). After one year, different degrees of emphysema may appear. This model is more in line with human clinical pathogenesis, and is conducive to the pathophysiology and drug treatment of emphysema. You can also use 1% ferric chloride aqueous solution 1~3ml, injected from the rabbit ear vein, 2~3 times a week, can cause pulmonary heart disease model in a short time.
(three) pulmonary edema type
Nitric oxide inhalation can cause toxic pulmonary edema in rats and mice, or 50% glucose solution (1 and 10ml for rabbits and dogs) can be injected into the trachea to cause osmotic emphysema. Under anesthesia, 37~38℃ normal saline is injected into the external jugular vein or femoral vein of the rabbit to increase the total blood volume by 0.6~1 times (the total blood volume is equivalent to 1/12 of the body weight), which can form hemophilic pleural edema. Cutting two vagus nerves in the necks of guinea pigs, rabbits, and rats can cause pulmonary edema. Injecting 0.54 to 0.6 mg of 1:1000 adrenaline into the ear vein of rabbits (1.5~2kg) can cause pulmonary edema and death in 5~15 minutes, and the lung coefficient will increase from 4.1~5g/kg to 6.3~12.5g/kg ; 5mg epinephrine intramuscular injection, the rat died in about 8 minutes, the lung coefficient was 20g/kg, intravenous injection of 10% chloroform (rabbit 0.1ml/kg, dog 0.5ml/kg) can also cause acute pulmonary edema. Intraperitoneal injection of 6% ammonium chloride aqueous solution can cause pulmonary edema in rats (0.4ml/kg) and guinea pigs (0.5~0.7ml/kg).
(four) bronchospasm, asthma model
Guinea pigs are often used to replicate acute allergic bronchospasm. Use normal saline to make a 1:10 chicken protein solution as the sensitizing antigen. Give each guinea pig (250g body weight) an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5ml. One week after the sensitization injection, the animal’s sensitivity to the antigen gradually increases to 3~ The highest at 4 weeks. At this time, use 1∶3 egg white 2ml plus Freund’s complete adjuvant nebulization (in the nebulization room). The sensitized animal will become uneasy within ten seconds to several minutes in the nebulization room, and the breathing will be tightened and accelerated. It gradually slows down and becomes weaker, and even periodically breathing occurs until the breathing stops and death. If the animal is less sensitized or the concentration of the egg white spray is very fast at the time of induction, only temporary bronchospasm will occur and no death will occur. If you switch to histamine spray, you don't need to be sensitized first, and it can cause bronchospasm in guinea pigs. The amount of histamine depends on the size of the spray chamber. When the volume is 83~103, the amount of histamine 1:1000 is 0.5~1ml. Exposure of dogs to Toxocaracanis, Ascaris suum, or aerosols of mixed grass seed extracts twice a week can cause experimental asthma. Inhalation of Ascaris suum aerosol to dogs with positive skin test of 10-8 diluted Ascaris suum extract can also cause asthma.
(5) Experimental Silicosis Model
often use rats, rabbits or dogs, monkeys to replicate models. Take a certain amount of DQ-12 type quartz powder containing more than 99% free SiO2, after acidification treatment, select the suspension with 95% sharp grains below 5μm, dry it and accurately weigh the required amount and add physiological water to make it Suspension (sterilized), 50mg/ml for rats, 1ml in each trachea; 120mg/ml for rabbits, and the amount of dust used is calculated at 120mg/kg body weight. After the trachea is exposed, it can be injected into a typical Model of silicosis.
