疾病动物模型,呼吸系统疾病动物模型 z-bio 2021-03-08 251

　　(1) Chronic bronchitis model

　　often choose rats, guinea pigs and monkeys that inhale irritating gases (sulfur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia, smoke, etc.) to replicate chronic bronchitis in humans. The submucosal glands of pigs are similar to humans, and it is known that they often develop tracheitis and pneumonia, so they are considered suitable animals for the reproduction of chronic human tracheitis. Like humans, norepinephrine can cause tracheal gland hypertrophy.

　　(2) Emphysema model

　　Rabbits and other animals are separated from a certain amount of papain, bromelain (bromine), sepsis (alkali), trypsin, thermolysin (thermolysin), and purulent saliva and white blood cells. Copy to experimental emphysema. Experimental emphysema lesions formed by papain are obvious and typical, or papain and tracheal stenosis can replicate models of emphysema and pulmonary heart disease. The advantage is that the etiology and disease changes are similar to humans. The monkeys inhale a certain depth of sulfur dioxide and smoke every day (50 grams of shredded tobacco for 2.5 hours). One year later, emphysema of varying degrees may appear. This model is more consistent with human clinical etiology and can be used to study the pathophysiology and drug treatment of emphysema. You can also inject 2-3 ml of 1-3 ml of 1% ferric chloride solution from the rabbit’s ear vein every week, 2-3 times each time, which may cause a model of pulmonary heart disease in a short period of time.

　　(3) Types of pulmonary edema

　　Inhalation of nitric oxide can cause pulmonary edema in rats and mice, or injecting 50% glucose solution (1 ml and 10 ml glucose solution for rabbits and dogs, respectively) into the trachea can cause invasive emphysema. . Under anesthesia, saline is infused outside the neck or femoral vein of the rabbit at 37-38°C to increase the total blood volume by 0.6-1 times (total blood volume is equivalent to 1/12 of body weight). It can form hemophilic pleural edema. Incision of two vagus nerves in the necks of guinea pigs, rabbits and rats can cause pulmonary edema. Injecting 0.54 to 0.6 mg of 1:1000 adrenaline into the ear vein (1.5 to 2 kg) of rabbits can cause pulmonary edema and death within 5 to 15 minutes, with a lung coefficient of 4.1 to 5 g/kg to 6.3. Increase to 12.5 g/kg; intramuscular injection of epinephrine 5 mg, the rat died within about 8 minutes, lung coefficient 20 g/kg, intravenous injection of 10% chloroform (rabbit 0.1 ml/kg, dog 0.5 ml/kg ) Can also cause acute pulmonary edema. Intraperitoneal injection of 6% ammonium chloride solution can cause pulmonary edema in rats (0.4 ml/kg) and guinea pigs (0.5-0.7 ml/kg). (4) Bronchospasm, asthma model

　　Guinea pigs are often chosen to breed acute allergic bronchospasm. Use normal saline to make a 1:10 egg white solution as the sensitizing antigen. Each guinea pig (body weight 250 g) was injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml. One week after the sensitization injection, the sensitivity of the animal to the antigen gradually increased to 3,? Preferably within 4 weeks. At this time, spray with 2 ml of 1:3 egg white and Freund's complete adjuvant (in the spray chamber). Allergic animals will become anxious within 10 seconds to a few minutes in the spray booth, and their breathing becomes tight and accelerated. Slow down, weaken your body and breathe regularly until you stop breathing and die. If the sensitivity to the animal is reduced, or the concentration of the protein spray is high when the animal is induced, only temporary bronchospasm will occur and will not lead to death. Switching to histamine spray eliminates the initial need for sensitization and may cause bronchospasm in guinea pigs. The amount of histamine depends on the size of the spray chamber. If the volume is 83-103, the amount of histamine 1:1000 is 0.5-1 ml. Exposing dogs to aerosols of Toxocara canis, Ascaris suum or mixed grass seed extract twice a week can cause experimental asthma. Dogs with positive skin tests on diluted insect extracts diluted 10-8 times inhaled dog insect aerosols can also cause asthma. (5) Experimental silicosis model usually choose rats, rabbits or dogs, monkeys to replicate the model. Take a certain amount of DQ-12 quartz powder, which contains 299% or more of SiO. After acidification, choose a suspension containing 95% of sharp particles smaller than 5 μm. After drying, accurately weigh the required amount, add sanitary water, suspension (sterilized), 50 mg/ml for rats, 1 ml for trachea, 120 mg/ml for rabbits, and the amount of dust used is 120 mg/kg body weight to calculate body weight After exposure to the trachea, this is a typical diatom disease model.