疾病动物模型,消化系统疾病动物模型 z-bio 2021-11-09 251

　　(1) Viral hepatitis model

　　The commonly used method is to inject serum from hepatitis B patients to replicate the hepatitis B model. Most laboratory animals are not infected with hepatitis A virus. There are reports of human hepatitis A in red-faced macaques, rhesus monkeys, humans and wild trees. In recent years, as the characteristics of certain duck hepatitis viruses are found to be very similar to those of human hepatitis viruses, the use of ducks as human hepatitis models has begun to increase.

　　(2) Immune hepatitis model

　　Patients with chronic or persistent hepatitis have anti-hepatocyte antibodies. In 1959, someone from abroad successfully immunized guinea pigs with liver tissue suspension and Freund's adjuvant to induce hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis. There are also reports that separate injections of liver membrane proteins (LSPs) and adjuvants can create animal immune hepatitis models.

　　(3) Models of gastric ulcer and small intestine ulcer

　　There are many ways to reproduce gastric ulcer and small intestinal ulcer in animals, but their usage is different, and the ulcers caused by them also have their own characteristics. Commonly used methods are:

　　1. The stress method uses a variety of strong harmful stimuli (forced braking, hunger, cold, etc.) to cause stress ulcers in animals. Immersion of the animal in cold water or placing it in a pressure box and continuous application of electrical stimulation will cause the animal to be severely disturbed, causing gastric mucosal bleeding and ulcers within a day. This method is very simple, with a success rate of over 99%.

　　2. Administration or injection of a certain dose of histamine, gastrin, epinephrine steroids, salicylic acid, serotonin, reserpine, butyric acid, etc. can cause gastrointestinal ulcers in animals. Guinea pigs taking a small amount of histamine for a few days can cause stomach, duodenal and esophageal ulcers. Another example is reserpine, fibrotensin, aspirin, etc., which are used to induce gastric ulcers in rats or mice.

　　3. Cauterization uses electrodes to cauterize the bottom wall of the stomach, which may cause human-like gastric ulcer lesions. The use of concentrated acetic acid on the surface of the stomach wall or the serous membrane of the stomach wall in rats can cause chronic ulcers. The advantage of ablation that can replicate gastric and intestinal ulcer models is that the method is simple and easy to implement, and the author can choose the location of the ulcer by himself.

　　4. Rats, mice and guinea pigs are used for the pyloric condensation method. After anesthesia, under the xiphoid process, use an aseptic method to cut the skin and muscle layer of the abdominal wall from the center of the abdomen. The length of the incision is about 3 cm, and the stomach is exposed. , And move to the right along the stomach to distinguish tranquility. At the junction of the hilum and duodenum, avoid ligating the pylorus completely with the blood vessels and the underlying thread. After the operation, completely fast and do not drink water. After the pylorus is ligated, it stimulates the secretion of gastric juice, leaving highly acidic gastric juice in the stomach and causing gastric ulcers. This type of ulcer replication is simple, rapid and has a high success rate, but the lesions are relatively shallow. Strictly speaking, this is an acute hemorrhagic erosion of the gastric mucosa, which is far from typical lesions. It is human gastric ulcer, suitable for looking for anti-ulcer disease. Drug research and etiology research of gastric ulcer. Other surgical methods can also be used to remove alkaline bile, pancreatic juice, or duodenal juice from the upper intestine. These neutralizing solutions can neutralize gastric acid and cause ulcers. It may also cause ulcers by stimulating, destroying or destroying brain tissue.