动物模型 z-bo 2020-08-04 568

　　Some animals (chickens, rodents, dogs, cats, horses, etc.) can locally cause pigmentation. There are many anti-melanocyte antibodies in these animals, the most commonly used are Smith Line (SL) chickens and C57BL mice.

　　[Modeling mechanism] SL chicken is a white chicken that I accidentally found in a brown chicken coop. Judging from the feather pattern, SL chicken will turn brown when hatched from its shell. After repeated gene selection experiments, Smith found that SL chickens and their parents have different MHC antigens, and each of the three sublines (SL101, SL102, and SL103) has the parental MHC genotype. .. C57BL mice are inbred mice raised by Little in 1921. They are the offspring of female 57 and male 52. The black coating of C57 is called C57BL and has sub-lines such as C57BL/6, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10. Among them, C57BL/6J-Lervit/vit mice are homologous mutants of C57BL/6J in a mouse model of vitiligo.

　　[Model Features] SL chicken vitiligo occurs based on the inherent defects of melanocytes and autoimmunity to melanocytes, and the interaction of these two factors ultimately leads to the loss of melanocytes. SL chickens can see feather pigment reduction within 6 to 20 weeks. The probability of vitiligo is 70% to 90%, and the lack of melanin in decolored feathers can be seen under the microscope. Pigmentation may be accompanied by varying degrees of alopecia areata or common alopecia areata, similar to human alopecia areata. The lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine expression in the affected area of SL chickens increased. When the melanocytes disappeared completely, they returned to their original state. In addition, several weeks before depigmentation, anti-melanocyte antibodies were detected in the serum. These autoantibodies have the potential to destroy melanocytes through complement-mediated pathways and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Adult C57BL mouse stem melanocytes are limited to hair follicles, and those hair follicle melanocytes can only synthesize upper melanin. C57BL/6J-Lervit/vit mice spontaneously developed bleaching spots on the back and abdomen, and their hair gradually turned white. Pigmentation occurs around the eyes of mice, such as SL chickens and human vitiligo patients.

　　[Model Evaluation and Application] In terms of genetics and immunity, the pathogenesis of SL chickens is similar to that of humans, and it is an excellent animal model for studying human vitiligo. It is widely used to study the cause of vitiligo. However, this animal model does not contain epidermal pigmentation and cannot be used to study skin vitiligo. Like SL chickens, C57BL mice are very suitable for studying hair pigmentation and cell-cell interactions (keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts) in mice during hair growth. The research related to vitiligo mainly includes the regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes in hair follicles, the study of vitiligo discoloration, and the inheritance of vitiligo in mice.