动物模型,黑素瘤 z-bo 2020-08-04 533

　　[Modeling mechanism]In the ultraviolet-induced melanoma model, some species develop ultraviolet-induced melanoma lesions based on specific genetic background.

　　[Model Features] Swordtail fish is one of the earliest animal models of melanoma. Wild swordfish do not develop melanoma, but the offspring produced by hybridizing different types of embryos may induce melanoma spontaneously or through ultraviolet light. Among them, exposure of swordtail fish to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the possibility of melanoma. Long-term repeated use of ultraviolet light for erythema can cause melanoma in South American opossums. Unlike the swordtail fish model, possums exposed to the vulva (UVA) will only cause excessive proliferation of melanocytes, and will not produce malignant melanoma primary tumors.

　　[Model Evaluation and Application] The hybrid swordtail fish model reveals the relationship between ultraviolet radiation and melanoma. Due to the evolutionary differences between the hybrid swordtail system and mammals, their tumors are also different from human melanomas, which limits the applicability of this model in melanoma research. Similar to the swordtail fish model, the possum model also confirmed the relationship between ultraviolet light and melanoma. However, its genetic background is unknown. Unlike human melanoma, its independent tumor originates from the dermis and may rarely metastasize.

　　2. Melanoma/xenograft melanoma model [Modeling mechanism] Melanoma B16 is a tumor that naturally appears in the ear roots of C57BL/6 mice. The corresponding melanoma animal model can be constructed by injecting melanoma cells into test mice by subcutaneous, intravenous or intraperitoneal inoculation. Implanting human skin into immunodeficient mice and then applying carcinogen smears or ultraviolet radiation can induce melanoma.

　　[Model Features] B16 melanoma cells are inoculated into the soles of BLAB/c mice, and the abdominal and tail veins will induce melanoma. After the inoculation of the foot pad, the average incubation period of tumor nodule formation is 10 days. Ten days after intraperitoneal injection, melanoma nodules were found scattered around the abdominal wall and mesentery of the mice. Three weeks after inoculation into the tail vein, metastases of various sizes appeared in the lungs in the kitchen.

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　　negative pressure device produced intradermal water scars on the skin of DBA/2J mice, and injected S91 melanoma cells into the scar cavity. The tumor grows within 7 days and the incidence is 100%. [Evaluation and application of the model] When the melanoma cell line is transplanted into mice, the tumor formation rate is high and the metastasis rate is high. The model has the advantages of convenience, stability, easy observation, simple method, easy implementation, and strong reproducibility. In addition, such models can also be used to observe the efficacy of clinical drugs.