病动物模型,黑素瘤模型 z-bio 2021-03-15 328

　　1.1. Ultraviolet-induced melanoma model

　　[Modeling mechanism] According to a specific genetic background, certain species may develop melanoma lesions induced by ultraviolet light.

　　[Model Features] Swordfish is one of the earliest animal models of melanoma. Wild swordtail fish do not develop melanoma, but the offspring produced by mating different types of embryos can produce melanoma spontaneously or induced by ultraviolet light. Among them, when hybrid swordtail fish are exposed to ultraviolet light, the possibility of melanoma is significantly increased.

　　Long-term repeated use of red subcutaneous ultraviolet rays can induce melanoma in South American possums. Unlike the swordtail fish model, exposure of possums to long-wave ultraviolet (UVA) will only cause excessive proliferation of melanocytes, but will not cause malignant black primary tumors.

　　[Model Evaluation and Application] Hybrid swordtail fish model reveals the relationship between ultraviolet radiation and melanoma. The application of this model in melanoma research is limited because of the evolutionary differences between the hybrid swordtail system and mammals, and its tumors are also different from human melanomas. Just like

　　Like the swordtail fish model, the possum model also confirmed the relationship between ultraviolet light and melanoma. However, its genetic background is unknown. Unlike human melanoma, independent tumors originate in the dermis and rarely metastasize.

　　2. Allogeneic/xenograft melanoma model [Modeling mechanism] Melanoma B16 is a tumor that naturally occurs in the ear roots of C57BL/6 mice. The corresponding melanoma animal model can be constructed by injecting melanoma cells into test mice by subcutaneous, intravenous or intraperitoneal inoculation. After transplanting human skin into immunodeficient mice, applying carcinogen smears or ultraviolet radiation can induce melanoma.

　　[Model Features] B16 melanoma cells are inoculated into the foot pads of BLAB/c mice, and the abdominal and tail veins may induce melanoma. The average incubation period of tumor nodules was 10 days after inoculation to the foot pad; 10 days after intraperitoneal inoculation; after the tail vein inoculation of mice, scattered melanoma nodules were found in the abdominal wall and mesentery of mice; In 3 weeks, the size of metastases varies and can be seen in the lung kitchen. A negative pressure device was used to create intradermal scars on the skin of DBA/2J mice, and S91 melanoma cells were injected into the scar cavity. The tumor grows within 7 days and the incidence rate is 100%. [Model Evaluation and Application] When the melanoma cell line is transplanted into mice, the tumor incidence is high and the metastatic characteristics are high. The model has the advantages of convenience, stability, and easy observation, and the method is simple, easy to implement, and has good repeatability.