动物造模,吸烟动物模型 z-bio 2021-03-25 429

　　(1) Reproduction method: During the experiment, the experimental rats (male and female) were placed in a fume hood, and the cabinet was exposed to smoke (twice a day, 16 cigarettes/hour per day) and smoke concentration, and Take control. To about 7%. A rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be established. The exposure time of each cigarette is 30 minutes, and the exposure time of each cigarette is 4 hours, and it is continuous for 75 days. During the experiment, a small animal lung respiratory function tester was used to regularly test the lung function of rats. In other words, we measured the airway resistance during exhalation and the overall respiratory compliance of the rat, including the respiratory rate. (RR), respiratory rate (VT), static breathing/minute ventilation (VE), peak expiratory flow (PEF), etc.

　　(2) Model characteristics This model uses harmful components contained in tobacco smoke to directly destroy the alveolar epithelium, thereby causing the accumulation and activation of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages. On the other hand, it releases oxygen free radicals and proteases to oxidize. Tracheal epithelium. It will get worse and cause an imbalance between oxidation and antioxidants. On the other hand, it inhibited the activity of anti-protease, disrupted the balance between protease and anti-protease, and finally established a rat model of COPD. Histopathological examination of the model rats showed that the bronchial mucosal epithelium fell off, lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrated the tracheal wall, the alveolar structure was destroyed, the alveolar wall thinned or ruptured, and the alveolar space expanded and showed partial alveolar fusion. In the alveoli. The lung function and histopathological examination of this model are compatible with the pathophysiological characteristics of COPD. Model rats have airflow limitation and ventilatory dysfunction, and their breathing and morphological changes are consistent with human chronic bronchitis and obstructive lung gas. Features of swelling. By increasing the number and frequency of smoking daily in rats or appropriately extending the time spent smoking daily, the model can significantly reduce the time required to establish an animal model.

　　(3) Comparative medicine COPD is a person clinically characterized by chronic bronchitis or emphysema. Its pathological features include airway submucosal gland hypertrophy, hypersecretion, and goblet cell count, and increase. , Local hyperplasia and squamous epithelial mucosal epithelium, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveolar metaplasia are significantly enlarged, the alveolar wall is destroyed, and several alveoli are formed. The main causes of human COPD are smoking, harmful dust, infection, smog, and direct contact with pollutants, most of which are chronic processes. Therefore, in an animal model of COPD that conforms to clinical reality, (1) the modeling coefficient must be basically the same as the general cause of clinical COPD. (2) There must be airflow obstruction, low airway resistance and low lung dynamic compliance. ③ Airway reconstruction. ④It may be accompanied by airway hypersensitivity. The animal model established by inhaling SO2 or smoking is consistent with the actual situation of human COPD, but the latter will produce relatively mild lesions along with the pathological development of human COPD, which is more matched. This is an ideal animal. Often used in COPD research. One of the modes. In addition to the above two models, nitrogen dioxide, cadmium chloride, hyperoxia inhalation, bacterial infection, protease tracheal infusion, etc. can also establish corresponding animal models for COPD. In addition to rats, pigs, horses, rabbits, non-human primates, etc., it has been used and can be used to replicate animal models of emphysema, but rodent sequencing has been completed, similar to the human genome. The human body has complete antibodies and probes that can be quantitatively and locally studied, and has the advantages of low price and easy operation. Odels is the best experimental animal for human COPD model research.