动物造模,肺气肿动物模型 z-bio 2021-12-31 531

　　1 passive smoking model

　　(1) The solution is placed in a sealed reproductive method test guinea pig (male or female) ventilated isolation bag, then exposed to tobacco smoke, daily (10 rows/time, once/day, 5D)/1 week, 1, 3, 6 And 12 months, lung histopathology and lung function test) established animal model, which simulates human emphysema caused by smoking. The characteristic pathological symptoms of this model (2) are the progressive expansion in the alveolar space and the loss of lung function. Even if the animal is not exposed to smoke for 12 months after the establishment of the smoke model, pathological changes in the alveolar cavity of the animal model are still possible. It shows the development progress. It will return to normal. The severity of the proportion of emphysema and disease animal models is closely related to the duration of smoking. Since the model has been copied for a long time, there are also many influencing factors and the model is relatively unstable during the experiment.

　　2 protease model

　　(1) Copy method Adult rats (male or female), lie on their backs on the ground, fix the head and limbs after ether anesthesia, gently pull the rat’s tongue, press the abdomen of the tongue piece, and guide the front mirror to The mouse uses the moment it breathes, inserts a thin plastic cannula and syringe containing papain solution into the bifurcation of the trachea and pushes papain slowly (mg/kg body weight 2) into the solution. The spray volume of the solution is controlled to 0.2ml/100g body weight or less. After discarding the solution, it can help the mouse to perform various upright and rotational movements,

　　'S descending liquid is evenly distributed in the lungs of the rats, allowing the rats to drink and eat at will, I can do this. (2) The characteristics of the model: the rats began to show a series of progressive emphysema lesions on the 4th day after the establishment of the model, the value of the lung gas volume (TGV) lung function test in the model rats was 65%. Four days, there. There was no change for 8 days, and until the fourth day, the airway resistance of the model group rats before and after (RAW) values changed significantly. The histopathological examination in the rat model of the early stage of emphysema (within 1 week) is the main one, but due to the destruction of alveolar epithelial cells, in the later stage of emphysema, it is the local collagen type II alveolar epithelium The cells have increased. Alveolar compartment. A collection of fibers and elastic fibers. However, the measurement of lung function in this model (dog) shows that the reduction in the animal's maximum expiratory flow is disproportionate to the reduction in static compliance. At the same time, histopathology confirmed that there was atrophy in the animal's respiratory tract. Respiratory diseases have shown that this model is not a simple lung. The best model of emphysema.

　　(3) Comparative medicine Emphysema is one of the main pathological changes of human COPD in clinical practice. In severe cases, it may play a leading role in the development and development of COPD airflow limitation. The main clinical manifestations are progressive. The occurrence of irreversible airflow restriction list is pathological, such as when the lung bronchioles are abnormal in the distal airspace of long-term expansion, with the destruction of the alveolar wall and the bronchioles and pathological damage are not obvious fibrotic lesions. Emphysema models that have been established by passive smoking or protease tracheal injection have their own characteristics. Compared with the latter, the former has a long replication time and complicated operations, but it requires time and effort. The replication principle is close to clinical human emphysema. Because pathological changes in animal lung tissue have different progressive characteristics, elucidating genetic background, susceptibility, etiology, drug therapy and drug emphysema screening are more important in the study of human emphysema.