动物造模,膀胱梗阻动物模型 z-bio 2021-12-01 484

　　(1) Reproduction method Under phenobarbital anesthesia, a male New Zealand rabbit weighing 2.5 to 3 kg was injected intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, and then the animal was fixed in a lying position and abdomen on the operating table. Surgery area. The F8 catheter is inserted through the penile catheter, and the surgical site on the lower abdomen should be regularly disinfected and depilated. Make a suprapubic incision in the midline, cut the skin, separate the abdominal muscles bluntly and sharply, enter the pelvic cavity, separate the bladder, and then bluntly separate the bladder neck from the posterior edge of the bladder neck to the other side. Bladder neck ligation. Remove the No. 1 silk thread and bladder neck, and then close the surgical incision. On the second day after the operation, the animals were injected intramuscularly with 10,000 U/kg of gentamicin. Raise animals and observe them regularly. Five weeks after the operation, phenobarbital was anesthetized intravenously at a weight of 10 mg/kg, the abdomen was exposed as in the previous method, an F8 catheter was inserted into the urethra, and physiological saline was administered. Infuse through the catheter to completely fill the bladder. The overflow around the catheter is defined as the maximum capacity of the bladder. Then the bladder is incised to the last ligature and completely removed, the blood on the bladder wall is sucked out, the fat is removed and the bladder is weighed. Open the bladder vertically and cut two full-thick detrusor bundles from the top of the rest of the urethra to the top of the bladder, approximately 1.0 cm long and 0.2 cm wide. The muscle bundle is immersed in a restraint buffer, which is balanced by a mixture of 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. One end of the muscle bundle is connected to a tension sensor to measure the change in muscle contraction force, and the signal is input to the computer for processing through an analog-to-digital conversion system. After balancing the muscle bundle with 2 g static tension for 30 minutes, connect electrodes to both ends of the muscle, and apply 1, 2, 4, 8, 8, 16 Hz field stimulation to the muscle bundle in two directions, respectively. Square wave, voltage 80V, 0.5ms, stimulation 20s, gap 2min. Observe the maximum tensile force and maximum tensile force rate of the muscle bundle per unit weight.

　　(2) Model features This model uses the bladder neck ligation method, which can replicate the bladder outlet obstruction model of rabbits. The model features can simulate the changes in human bladder function secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Five weeks after the occlusion, the weight of the bladder of the model animals increased significantly, the volume decreased significantly, and the contractile function of the detrusor muscle decreased significantly. The bladder function of model animals after occlusion is very similar to that of clinical BPH patients, the bladder wall is thickened, the effective bladder capacity and detrusor contraction function are reduced. The method of establishing this model is relatively simple, and the blocking effect is obvious. After occlusion for a period of time, the contractile dysfunction of the bladder detrusor in model animals may reflect the relationship with the changes in animal detrusor function. The body and the bladder outlet are partially blocked.

　　(3) In clinical comparison, the diseases that cause bladder outlet obstruction are mainly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), bladder neck contraction, posterior urethral stricture and bladder neck tumors. More generally, BPH can cause a series of clinical symptoms in patients. This can affect kidney function, including frequent urination, urgency, progressive dyspnea, retention of the urethra, and water in the urethra. There are two main points in the pathophysiological mechanism of clinical symptoms caused by BPH: ① Mechanical and dysfunction. (2) Trousers malfunction. The current clinical treatment of BPH can be divided into surgical treatment and drug treatment, but these treatments are mainly aimed at mechanical or functional obstruction of BPH and other important pathophysiological mechanisms, that is, it does not respond to detrusor dysfunction. Therefore, the clinical symptoms of many BPH patients cannot be effectively alleviated by long-term drug treatment or surgical treatment, and the bladder function cannot be fully restored, which has become a difficult point in treatment. It must be pointed out that bladder dysfunction secondary to BPH is a very important part of the overall BPH treatment plan. The method of establishing the model is simple, easy to implement, and has clear disease characteristics. It can be used as an experimental study on the mechanism of clinical secondary bladder detrusor dysfunction and the treatment of bladder function recovery.