动物造模,脑血管病 z-bio 2021-04-01 560

　　1 Spontaneous stroke model

　　Hypertensive animals will develop spontaneous stroke. There are two common types of primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. The former is a commonly used spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) and its stroke prone subtype (SHRsp) in Japan, and the latter is a variety of renal hypertensive animals. This type of stroke has the closest incidence to human stroke. It is currently one of the ideal animal models and can be obtained from the country's major laboratory animal research institutions.

　　2 Gerbil middle cerebral artery ischemia model

　　[Operation steps] Anesthetize the adult Garbil with 10% chloral hydrate (4 ml/kg) in the abdominal cavity, and make an incision in the midline of the abdomen. Peel off one side of the carotid artery and seal it with a silver clip. Long-term restriction or reperfusion can be performed to meet the needs of the experiment. [Analysis of Results] Due to the lack of Gerville's posterior communicating artery and the discontinuity of Willis's arterial ring in the anteroposterior direction, passing one side of the common carotid artery through the neck is likely to cause ipsilateral hemispheric ischemia. . The combination of Garville's sign and fundus is to judge the situation by observing fundus ischemia.

　　3 rats with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion model of global cerebral ischemia [Surgical method] Adult SD or Wistar rats were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (4 ml/kg body weight). In the right decubitus position, at the midpoint of the line from the outer edge of the left eye to the left ear canal, make an incision in the skin about 2 cm perpendicular to the line perpendicular to the to line, and use Venturi forceps to expand and merge the mandible expansion. Expose the surgical surface of the temporal bone. In most cases, a dental drill is used for craniotomy 2 cm before and after the anterior zy arch. Cut the dura mater under a surgical microscope to expose the middle cerebral artery, separate the meninges and arachnoid around the middle cerebral artery, and release the middle cerebral artery. Double electrodes (voltage 12V) were used for electrocautery to block the middle cerebral artery from the beginning of Willis's arterial ring to the olfactory sulcus. In order to prevent the current from the electrodes from causing electrical damage to the brain tissue, saline was continuously dripped around the middle artery during the operation to shorten the operation time as much as possible. After covering the wound with a small piece of gelatin, suture the muscle and skin. [Result analysis] The middle cerebral artery circulates from Willis to the olfactory tract, goes to the outside of the brain, and is transported to most of the hemispheres of the brain. The middle cerebral artery releases a lot from the beginning. From the circle of Willis to the olfactory area. Since the branches of the bean husk complex are fed into the bean husk complex, electrical ablation of this main blood flow in the middle cerebral artery increases the success rate of replicating the stroke model. The rat stroke model replicated by this experimental surgical method has a higher success rate and a lower mortality rate, which is ideal. There are infarct areas of various sizes, of which behavioral disorders account for about 90%. Because the arch bow was cut at the surgical site, the eating behavior of the animals after the operation was basically not affected, and it could be observed for a long time, thus establishing an animal model of chronic stroke.

　　4 SD rat cerebrovascular disease model caused by renal hypertension

　　[Surgery] Adult SD rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally with 3% sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). Aseptically, a 2 cm incision was made in the lower abdominal cavity of the rat along the midline of the abdomen, and then the abdominal wall was touched to expose both sides of the kidney. Clamp the left kidney and right kidney or right renal artery with silver clamps of different inner diameters. The inner diameters of the double-kidney ligation arterial clips are 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively, and the inner diameters of the single-kidney ligation arterial clips are 0.2-0.25 mm. [Result analysis] Approximately 3 weeks after the formation of hypertension, the permeability of the hippocampus (CA) and small arteries in the brain began to increase. This acute phase is the basis for subsequent chronic cerebrovascular accidents. Hypertension persists in renal hypertension (RHR) for more than 4 months, and the blood vessels between the middle cerebral artery (MCA) on the brain surface and the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) are significantly reduced. Rats have normal blood pressure. In this case, when the blood flow in the cerebral vessels decreases and the perfusion pressure decreases, the number of capillaries and arterioles decreases, the distribution becomes sparse, and the vascular reserve decreases, which leads to cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction, which is more likely .