动物造模,心脏衰老遗传机制 z-bio 2021-05-08 287

　　The development of modern biomedicine has entered the era of precision medicine. The influence of human genes and their mutations on disease phenotypes and treatment response is one of the work foundations of targeted diagnosis and targeted drug therapy. Realize precision medicine for different populations through research on related gene mutations and their functions. The study of human genes and their functions is the key to the development of precision medicine, and animal models are powerful tools for studying gene functions.

　　Drosophila is a classic model organism suitable for genetic research. In addition to its short life span and easy reproduction and cultivation, its advantage lies in the completion of whole-genome sequence analysis and large-scale accumulation. Genetic research methods. Relevant genetic techniques and techniques can inhibit the overexpression, expression or knockout of Drosophila genes at a specific time and space, so that it is easy to observe and analyze the biological functions of the genes in vivo. From a genetic point of view, mammals are closely related to Drosophila, but most genes related to Drosophila and mammalian signaling pathways are conserved. Mammals usually have multiple gene copies, although there is usually only one copy. But Drosophila provides the potential and great convenience of using Drosophila as a model organism to study mammalian gene functions.

　　Due to the aging of the population, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases worldwide is increasing. Cardiac aging is an important factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, and is considered to be a harmful decline in cardiac function. In mammals, decreased heart function is associated with many age-related changes, including decreased cardiomyocyte counts, left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and collagen accumulation. Cardiac aging leads to increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly. Therefore, the research on the mechanism of cardiac aging has become more and more important. With the rapid development of genetics and molecular biology, the research on the mechanism of cardiac aging has made great progress. In fruit flies and mammals, many genes that control heart development have been shown to be conserved. For example, the Drosophila Tinman gene (vertebrate homologous gene Nkx2.5) was first discovered and has been shown to regulate heart development in mice. The adult heart of fruit flies is used to study heart function and aging. At the same time, these asteroids have an open circulatory system, a straight heart tube in the dorsal midline abdomen and an aorta extending to the head. Three sets of internal valves lead the abdominal heart to the forward conical cavity.

　　3 back rooms. Each of the four ventricles contains an external valve that allows blood and lymph to enter the heart during expansion. Drosophila uses a catheter system to directly deliver oxygen to tissues, so heart function and survival are not as tight as vertebrates. Therefore, Drosophila, like the heart model of vertebrates, can withstand more severe genetic changes in heart physiology than mammals. The aging of the heart of fruit flies can also be studied by giving drug stimulation. These developmental characteristics and genetic benefits make this Drosophila model very suitable for studying the pathophysiology and genetics of cardiac aging. This article reviews the study of the Drosophila model in the genetic mechanism of cardiac aging.