动物造模,结肠癌新模型 z-bio 2023-01-18 796

　　Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have shown in mice that a gene editing system called CRISPR can be used to generate colon tumors that are very similar to human tumors. This advancement will help scientists learn more about disease progression and test new therapies. Once formed, many experimental tumors will spread to the liver, just like human colon cancer often occurs. These metastases are the most common cause of death from colon cancer.

　　"This is a missing part of colon cancer research. Associate Professor of MIT Institute of Biology, MIT Koch Cancer Institute Chief Author Omer Yilmaz (OmerYilmaz) said: From the primary colon tumor to the liver metastasis process.

　　This research is based on Koch's research, which is based on recent research by Director Taylor. Jacks, who also used CRISPR to generate lung and liver tumors in mice. CRISPR-based technology has begun to revolutionize many aspects of cancer research, including the establishment of mouse models of the disease at a faster speed and higher accuracy. This research is a good example of both. The biotechnology paper pointed out.

　　Imitating human tumors Over the years, cancer biologists have adopted two different approaches. How to model cancer. One is to cultivate immortalized human cancer cells or cancer cell lines in a laboratory dish. "I have learned a lot from studying these 2D cell lines, but they have certain limitations." They do not really replicate the complex tumor environment in the human body. "

　　Another widely used technique is to genetically engineer mice to carry cancer and be prone to mutations. However, such mice can be reproduced, especially when there are multiple cancer-related mutations. Takes years

　　Recently, researchers started using it. CRISPR created a cancer model. CRISPR was originally discovered by biologists who study bacterial immunity. The system consists of a DNA-cutting enzyme called Cas9, which targets specific sequences in the genome. The composition of short RNA strands can tell Cas9 where to cut. This process allows scientists to use the genome of living animals. The Cas9 gene and RNA guide strand are transformed into a virus called lentivirus, which is induced by targeted mutation in the cell, removal of genes and insertion of new genes

　　Mutations in cancer. After studying colon cancer and its effects on genes and diet, Yilmaz decided to adopt this method as he ages. This method has been used in mice. He and his laboratory members are already studying growth techniques. Micro-tissues called organoids can accurately replicate the three-dimensional growth of colon structures.