癌症,动物造模 z-bio 2021-06-09 302

　　Cancer is a mysterious disease with many causes. The biggest question is: how and why do tumors form? Over the years, scientists have carried out various studies on these issues. In January 2015, researchers from King’s College London revealed a new mechanism by which skin damage triggers tumor formation, which can be beneficial for those suffering from chronic skin ulcers or Patients with vesicular skin diseases have important clinical significance. The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, clarified the role of immune cells in the formation of skin tumors by natural perception of bacteria.

　　A new study published in Nature in December 2015 argues that most cancer cases are caused by avoidable factors such as toxic chemicals and radiation. This paper attempts to refute a point made earlier this year when a research report published in Science concluded that some differences in internal cellular processes are the main cause of more frequent cancerous changes in some tissues than others. the reason.

　　Two recent studies by the University of Iowa in the United States provided important insights into these issues by recording the three-dimensional activity of cancerous human breast tissue cells in real time. It is believed that this is the first time that studies have continuously tracked the movement and accretion of cancer cells into tumors.

　　The research team discovered that cancer cells extend various cables to grab nearby cells—cancerous and healthy cells—and wind them up. In addition, researchers at the University of Iowa reported that only 5% of cancer cells are needed to form a tumor, a proportion that has so far been unknown. Related research results were published in the recent "American Journal of Cancer Research".

　　The corresponding author of this article and UI biology professor David Soll pointed out: “They are not like things that stick to each other. Instead, these cells go out and actively recruit other cells. It’s a complex thing, it’s not passive. We don’t know that Are there specialized cells in this process? This is a small part of cells that pulls all other cells in."

　　The results of the study may allow us to more accurately identify tumor-causing cells (those that form tumors) and detect which antibodies will be the best equipment to destroy them. Soll’s Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank were created by the National Institutes of Health as a national resource, led by Soll, located in UI, and containing the world’s largest collection of antibodies that can be used for anti-cancer trials.

　　In a study published in PLoS ONE last spring, Soll's team found that only tumor cells (from a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, skin cancer, and aggressive brain tumors such as glioblastoma) Tumors are formed by actively recruiting other cells. Researchers have observed that, like evil messengers, individual cancer cells extend themselves from the initial cluster to detect other cells in the area. Once it detects a cell, the extended cell grabs and pulls it, forming a larger clump. The activity continues, and as the tumor expands, the extension of cancer will pull in more and more cells-including healthy cells.

　　Soll said: "Only tumor-causing cells between cells, this is the discovery. Tumor cells know what they are doing. They form tumors." The question is how do these cells know what to do. Soll hypothesized that they went back to the original past, when these cells were programmed to form embryos. If it is true, perhaps cancer cells-disguised as embryo forming cells, will recruit other cells to form tissues, and then form a layered structure, self-sustaining the structures needed for tumor formation and growth.

　　Think about a dead planet and build enough defenses to resist repeated attacks. Or, to make less of an analogy, how bacteria form an impenetrable membrane on the surface, from orthopedic implants to catheters. Soll said: "There must be a reason. You may want to get a large tumor, which can form the tissue required by a microenvironment. It's like it builds its own defense system to counter the body's attack on them."

　　In the AJCR paper, the researchers compared the behavior of human breast tissue cells (MoVi-10') and a weakly tumorigenic parental breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). First, they found that within 50 hours, compared to MCF-7, only MoVi-10' cells increased in density, mainly by connecting them together.

　　In addition, in all cases, regardless of the ratio of MCF-7 cells to MoVi-10' cells in the cluster, only MoVi-10' cells protrude and induce other cells, including healthy cells, to grow into clumps. The author writes: "The results here extend our original observation that tumor cell lines and fresh tumor cells have a unique ability to actively form cell cables and coalesce."

　　This discovery further supports the idea that tumors occur at multiple locations at the same time, by using cancer cell cables to attract more cells and expand their own cell population. Some people believe that tumors are produced more through cell changes in the mass, which is called the "cancer stem cell theory".

　　Soll’s research team also found that Mo-Vi10' cells move 92 microns per hour, which is about twice the speed of healthy cells. This is important because it can help scientists better understand "how tumors form quickly."