动物造模,干细胞 z-bio 2023-02-06 1259

　　The shortage of human organs has always plagued medical staff. Recently, scientists have made significant progress in using pigs to grow human organs. Researchers have successfully combined human stem cells with pig DNA. The ultimate goal is to cultivate human organs of pigs. However, critics of this approach point out that doing so will "damage human dignity." The mixed embryos are transferred to sows and grown for 28 days, then tested and destroyed.

　　The basic idea is as follows. When such an embryo develops and matures in an adult sow, it will have an organ made of human cells. These organs can be collected and used in the patient's organ transplant operation.

　　Related experts have very different opinions on this issue, and the ethical issues related to this breakthrough and the ethical boundaries of genetic research are very controversial. Proponents believe that this advancement will end the shortage of human transplanted organs. In the UK alone, more than 1,000 patients die in vain each year while waiting for an organ transplant. However, critics accused it of "Frankenstein's science." American scientists have tested technologies related to porcine embryos and used genetic technologies related to human pancreas culture during the experiment. However, due to strict legal supervision, embryos developed by scientists at this stage cannot exceed the 28-day limit, and the maturation and production of such human-pig hybrid embryos is strictly prohibited. I will.

　　The British government is trying to keep up with the rapid progress in the field of genetic engineering. These technologies will completely change the medical field in the near future. Prior to this, the United Kingdom was the first country in the world to allow the implementation of the "three-parent baby" technology. Last week, the United Kingdom was also the first country in the world to allow the study of human embryo genes. .. Editing techniques.

　　The latest development mentioned in this article comes from the University of California, Davis, where scientists transplanted hybrid embryos from sows into sows. In fact, the size of pig organs is similar to that of human organs, and doctors have long been discussing the feasibility of cultivating pig organs. However, related research faces two insurmountable obstacles. One is the strong rejection of the human body, and the other is the risk of animal viruses spreading to humans.

　　However, these risks and challenges have been resolved after the emergence of a new gene editing technology called CRISPR, which enables scientists to edit DNA with extremely high precision. The scientists used this technique to remove some genes related to the production of the pancreas in the pig embryo DNA, thereby creating a gap in the genetic structure of the pig. The scientists then injected human stem cells into the embryo. Stem cells are a special type of cells that can develop in any human tissue. The hybrid embryos are then implanted into the sows and gradually develop in the pigs, but possess human pancreas. When the embryo matures and the piglet is born, the pancreas in the body can be removed and used for transplantation into an adult human patient. responsible for

　　Dr. Pablooss of related research said: "I hope this pig embryo develops normally, but the pancreas is almost entirely composed of human cells, which can be used for organ transplantation in related patients."

　　British University May soon followed in the footsteps of American universities. The official British document released in January this year paved the way for similar experiments in the British laboratory. The Scientific Animal Council (ASC) is part of the British Home Office. If it can prove that there is no better way to cultivate human organs, the institute will receive a three-year term. The research permit is used to conduct related experiments involving the fusion of human and animal cells.

　　But in any case, the development of this technology is full of controversy. The main concern is that a small number of human stem cells can migrate and enter the developing brain of pig embryos, thereby giving the latter human characteristics. However, Dr. Ross insisted, "I think it is very unlikely that we will make a human brain, but we will take this issue seriously."

　　But in the face of such progress, the US government regulators are still very cautious and insist on this. The embryo should be removed at the 4th week to check its cellular structure.

　　Professor Walterlow of the University of Minnesota is working on a similar project, calling pigs an ideal "biological incubator." He said: "For example, the liver cultivated on pigs in this way is a perfect replica of the original liver, but it is a young and healthy version. Therefore, it does not require immunity after the relevant transplantation. Drugs, you need to pay attention to it. These drugs have side effects."

　　Professor Raku also admitted that the proliferation of human cells into pig brain supplements is a problem, but he "every time we cultivate an organ, we will carefully observe the changes in pig liver. If we find that the latter is more and more like a human liver, Then this embryo develops. However, Josephine Quintaval of the sports organization "Reproductive Ethics Review" said: "This kind of experiment greatly damages the dignity of human beings. "And no rhetoric can avoid this. I am shocked by the arrogance and conceit of the people involved."

　　Stuartewman of the New York Medical University said, “It’s disturbing. I think it’s a “humanity” that is harmful to our views. And the British “Animal Therapy Organization” (PETA) Julia Baines (Julia Baines) condemned This research, which she called "Frankenstein Science," and this type of research "is the embryo of a hybrid between humans and animals."