动物模型 z-bo 2020-08-08 585

　　(1) Reproduction method Use New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0～2.5kg, anesthetize them by intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight. After fixation, the midline of the rabbit's nose is routinely disinfected, dehaired and draped; 2% Lido is used Caine + 0.0000001%. Adrenaline 1.5～2.0ml is used for subcutaneous infiltration anesthesia in the operation area, and the skin is cut along the midline of the animal's nose to make a 3cm incision. The left and right subcutaneous tissues and periosteum of the incision are separated respectively to expose the anterior wall of the double maxillary sinus; A small hole with a diameter of about 3mm was drilled in the front wall, and 0.01mg of sterilized cotton wool was used to gently stuff the sinus cavity from the drill hole. Then 0.3ml of Staphylococcus aureus suspension (100000000CFU) was slowly injected into the sinus cavity, and the periosteum and The skin is sutured layer by layer; the other sinus is operated in the same way, and the incision skin is sutured with 4-0 silk thread. From the 2nd day after the operation, observe the animal’s mental behavior and diet; on the 7th day after modeling, the animals were killed by anesthesia for visual observation of the sinus cavity, and the sinus wall mucosal tissue was taken as routine pathological tissue slices and electron microscope specimens. Light microscope and electron microscope inspection.

　　(2) Model characteristics On the 3rd day after modeling, some model animals began to have pus, sneezing, edema or flushing of the nasal vestibule skin, and frequent scratching of the nasal skin; on the 7th day after modeling, all the model animals showed the above In clinical manifestations, the animal’s mental activity is slightly poor, but there is no significant change in the diet. There is a large amount of thick pus in the sinus cavity, the sinus wall mucosa is erosion, and the sinus mouth is blocked by viscous secretions. Histopathological observation under the microscope showed hemorrhage and edema of the sinus wall mucosa, mucosal epithelial defect and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. Under the electron microscope, the ciliated columnar epithelium of the sinus mucosa decreased, the non-ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells covering the microvilli increased, and the cilia were arranged disorderly and disoriented. The amount of bacterial liquid used in this model is not easy to exceed 0.3ml. At the same time, the lint should be stuffed first and then the bacterial liquid should be injected to avoid leakage of the bacterial liquid. The model making method is simple, the model time is short, and the model success rate is high.

　　(3) Comparative Medicine The currently commonly used methods of modeling experimental sinusitis are all based on general anesthesia and local anesthesia in model animals, and they are caused by drilling the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus of the animal. There is a method of injecting bacteria into the sinus cavity through a drilled hole, and then suture the periosteum and skin; there is also a method of first blocking the mold cavity sinus opening with bone wax or periosteal plug, and then injecting bacterial liquid into the sinus cavity; One method is to first inject bacterial liquid into the sinus cavity, then stuff it into the sinus cavity with sterile cotton wool, and then suture the periosteum and skin. From the clinical perspective of the pathogenesis of human sinusitis, inflammation and sinus orifice blockage are mutually causal. The sinusitis model established by this method uses sterilized cotton wool to be placed in the sinus cavity where the bacterial liquid has been injected, which can not only allow the bacterial liquid to stay in the sinus cavity, but also does not affect the changes in the natural sinus ostium during treatment, so the model is closer to the clinical The pathological process of human acute suppurative sinusitis is discussed, but from the perspective of rhinogenic infection, the main cause of human sinusitis, there are still shortcomings. This model is suitable for research on the pathogenesis and drug treatment of human acute sinusitis.