动物模型,脑血管病 z-bo 2020-08-11 529

　　1 Spontaneous cerebral infarction model

　　Hypertensive animals can develop spontaneous cerebral infarction. There are two major categories of primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. The former are commonly used Japanese spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and their stroke prone subtypes (SHRsp), and the latter are various renal hypertensive animals. This type of cerebral infarction is the closest to the incidence of human cerebral infarction, and is currently one of the more ideal animal models, and it is available from major domestic experimental animal research institutions.

　　2 gerbil middle cerebral artery ischemia model

　　[Operation steps] Adult gerbils, 10% chloral hydrate (4ml/kg) abdominal cavity anesthesia, incision along the midline of the abdomen in the neck. One side of the carotid artery was peeled off and closed with silver clamps. Considering experimental needs, long-term clipping or reperfusion can be implemented.

　　[Analysis of results] Because the posterior communicating artery of gerbils is missing and the circle of Willis is not continuous before and after, clamping one common artery through the neck can easily cause ipsilateral hemisphere ischemia, which can be based on the signs of gerbils combined with fundus observation glasses Observe the condition of fundus ischemia to distinguish.

　　3 Acute middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats with global cerebral ischemia model

　　[Operation steps] Adult SD or Wistar rats are anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (4ml/kg body weight). In the right decubitus position, at the midpoint of the line from the outer edge of the left eye to the left external auditory canal, incise the skin about 2cm perpendicular to the line, along the zygomatic arch and mandible, use Venturi forceps to expand the surgical surface to expose the squamous bone For the most part, a dental drill was used to drill a craniotomy 2 cm anterior to the anterior and inner zygomatic union. Cut the dura mater under an operating microscope to expose the middle cerebral artery, separate the pia mater and arachnoid around the middle artery, and free the middle artery. The middle cerebral artery from the beginning of the circle of Willis to the olfactory sulcus segment was damaged by electrocautery with double electrodes (voltage 12V) to block it. In order to prevent the electrical current from the electrodes from causing electrical damage to the brain tissue, saline was continuously dripped around the middle artery during the operation, and the operation time was shortened as much as possible. After covering the wound with a small piece of gelatin, suture the muscle and skin.

　　[Analysis of results] The middle cerebral artery traverses the olfactory tract and winds out from the circle of Willis to the outer side of the brain, supplying most of the cerebral hemisphere. The middle cerebral artery sends out many branches from the circle of Willis to the olfactory sulcus area. , Supplies the bean shell complex, so electrocautery the main blood flow of this middle cerebral artery, the success rate of copying the stroke model is higher. The rat stroke model replicated by this experimental surgical method has a higher success rate, a low mortality rate, and is ideal. There are infarct areas of varying sizes and behavioral disorders account for about 90%. Since the operation department cuts off the zygomatic arch, the feeding behavior of the animal is basically not affected after the operation, and long-term observation can be carried out, which is beneficial to the establishment of a chronic stroke animal model.

　　4 SD rat cerebrovascular disease model caused by renal hypertension

　　[Operation steps] Adult SD rats are intraperitoneally anesthetized with 3% sodium pentobarbital (30mg/kg). Under aseptic conditions, a 2cm incision was made in the lower abdominal cavity of the rat along the midline of the abdomen, and then groped down the abdominal wall to expose the bilateral kidneys. Clamp the left and right kidneys or the right renal artery with silver clamps of different inner diameters. The inner diameters of the double-kidney ligation arterial clips are 0.2mm and 0.3mm, respectively, and the inner diameter of the single-kidney ligation is 0.2-0.25mm.

　　[Result analysis] About 3 weeks after the formation of hypertension, the permeability of hippocampus (CA) and small arteries in the brain began to increase. This acute phase is the basis for subsequent chronic cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension lasts more than 4 months in renal hypertension (RHR), the blood vessels between the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) on the brain surface are significantly less than those in rats with normal blood pressure. In this case, once the cerebrovascular blood flow decreases and the perfusion pressure decreases, the probability of cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction will increase due to the decrease in the number of capillaries and arterioles, sparse distribution, and decreased vascular reserve capacity.