动物实验,犬膀胱切开术 z-bo 2020-08-13 672

　　This experiment is a canine cystotomy. The indications for this operation are bladder tumors and bladder stones in dogs.

　　Surgery process:

　　This surgical dog is a female dog. An incision is made 5-7 cm forward 2-3 cm from the anterior edge of the pubic bone, and it is performed on the white line of the abdomen. Cut the skin and cut the rectus abdominis muscle in the same direction as the skin to reach the peritoneum. Clamp the peritoneum with surgical forceps, fix the peritoneum on the rectus abdominis with tissue forceps along the incision to prevent peritoneal slippage, and then continue to cut the peritoneum and the skin wound with the same length, and separate the tissues from the left and right sides of the wound. Put your fingers into the abdominal cavity to explore, and pull the bladder to the wound. Use a syringe equipped with a fine needle to avoid the bladder vessel and pierce the bladder tip to suck out urine. After the bladder is reduced, fix the bladder tip with hemostatic forceps and pull it upwards, avoid or clamp the bladder wall vessel, and make an incision at the bladder tip 2～ 3cm. Exploring the bladder without stones and tumors and other lesions, the bladder mucosa was sutured continuously with absorbable thread, the serosal muscle layer was sutured with embedded suture, and the bladder was flushed with normal saline and returned to the abdominal cavity. Routinely close the abdominal cavity window for disinfection and oil penicillin.

　　二. Experience:

　　In the course of this experiment, the choice of incision site is more appropriate, the incision is neat, the bleeding is less, the abdominal cavity exploration after incision is not abnormal, and the bladder tip has fewer blood vessels as the incision.

　　After bladder incision, there are no stones, tumors and other lesions. The first layer of bladder is sutured with continuous eversion suture, and the second layer is continuous inversion suture. The suture is absorbable catgut, and the end of the thread should not be exposed. During the suturing process, the distance between each needle is the same. The distance between each needle is not too large. The strength is even, which affects the healing of the bladder, causing urine to leak into the abdominal cavity, causing infection. The outer wall of the bladder is sutured, and the bladder incision is flushed with saline. Na abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall incision is sutured with double layers. The first serosal layer is sutured continuously with the muscle layer to facilitate healing. No cavity should be left. The outer skin is sutured with 3 knots. The suture strength is appropriate. Since the skin is in direct contact with the outside world, the skin Healing is very important. It should not be too tight or too loose. After the suture is completed, the incision is disinfected with iodophor, and penicillin is applied.

　　three. Essentials of surgery:

　　1. The choice of incision, midline of the abdomen, to avoid large blood vessels, nerves, etc.;

　　2. The incision is neat and layered to facilitate suture and healing;

　　3. Exploring the abdominal cavity for abnormal disease in other organs, avoiding multiple operations on one animal;

　　4. Aseptically drain urine from the bladder, beware of infection, purse-string suture after draining urine

　　;

　　5. The bladder incision must avoid large blood vessels, choose an incision of a suitable size, and the incision is neat;

　　6. Explore tumors, stones and other lesions in the bladder, avoid damaging other tissues during the separation process;

　　7. Use double-layer suture to suture the bladder with equal strength, too loose can cause urine to leak into the abdominal cavity, and too tight will affect healing;

　　8. When flushing the bladder with sterile normal saline, avoid the flushing fluid from entering the abdominal cavity, and avoid bladder distortion;

　　9. The suturing of the abdominal wall must be performed aseptically, and no cavity must be left.

　　Four. Disadvantages:

　　1. The aseptic environment during the operation is not well guaranteed, so I will try to maintain a better environment in the future;

　　2. The experimental dog is not sensitive to this anesthetic drug (Jingsongling), which leads to multiple anesthetic supplements during the operation. Therefore, an anesthesia test should be performed before the next operation to avoid affecting the progress of the operation;

　　3. Surgical personnel are not coordinated enough with each other, so they will be more proficient in experimental operations later.