小鼠实验,生物钟基因 z-bo 2020-08-18 587

　　No matter how careful you are, how soft your pillows are, and how comfortable the photon bath is, people traveling all over the world can't get rid of jet lag.

　　However, recent studies claim that scientists have found an effective way to solve this problem. They have discovered drugs that can change key genes in the sleep cycle to help these dangerous travelers regulate jet lag. Not only that, all sleep problems can be solved.

　　Every cell in the body has a special "biological clock" whose level can increase or decrease the rhythm over time, establish a circadian rhythm and keep the cells synchronized. The master clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus of the brain. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a small, compact area of the hypothalamus of the brain that contains more than 20,000 nerve cells. Scientists at the Sh Institute of Biology are Lhx1. The Institute is located in La Jolla, Southern California. It is an independent non-profit scientific research institute and one of the most productive and high-quality research institutions in the United States in the field of life sciences. A gene that controls the brain area that represents the main clock; it controls the rhythm of the brain's circadian cycle, and controls our photoreceptors so that we can make you feel organized every day. Under normal circumstances, the brain cells controlled by Lhx1 have synchronous activity, so they are very resistant to changes in the light source. The rigidity of these cells leads to day and night mutations leading to jet lag.

　　Lhx1's adaptability is getting weaker and weaker

　　The researchers tested the performance of Lhx1 in jet lag in mice because they found that this cell is poorly synchronized in animals lacking the Lhx1 gene (mice do not actually travel, and the researchers changed the day-night cycle by 8 hours. Comparing the expression of thousands of genes in other mouse SCNs, finally paired 213 genes with SCN. More specifically, after further screening, the researchers finally found that only one gene (namely Lhx1) was in blocking light The state of response. They found that low-sized Lhx1 mice adapt to the environment more quickly and their neurons are not synchronized, which allows them to adapt to new schedules faster.

　　This research provides new research ideas for researchers to develop cell regeneration therapies to restore SCN function and improve sleep disorders. After classification, research continues to reveal the effects of the expression of genes that control the biological clock in SCN and other tissues:

　　Drugs that can reduce the level of hormones controlled by Lhx1 or Lhx1. For pharmaceutical companies, this is definitely a big improvement, which means that it can correctly solve all sleep problems, and some studies have shown that sleep cycle problems can lead to obesity, mental illness and many other diseases. This is why some doctors do not recommend you to treat jet lag or shift sickness, and the previous wake-up attempts are not as good as coffee because it can work. So far, they can be addictive or deadly

　　The cycle of the human body clock is 24 hours and 18 minutes

　　The human body clock is not synchronized with the clock of Japanese scientists and published research papers that they found that the cycle of the human body clock is 24 hours and 18 minutes. There is a gap between the biological clocks of other animals and plants and other obvious clocks. The biological clock cycle of plants is 23. To 26 hours, and the plant's biological clock cycle is 22 to 28 hours.

　　Researchers also used computers to conduct experiments to simulate the evolution of the biological clock. Experiments have shown that the most useful biological clock in a game is actually 24 hours. It is close, but not particularly close. Take a bird as an example. If you follow the clock closely and wake up every morning looking for food, you will find the first bird to fly into the forest eating insects on the tree.

　　Your brain has multiple clocks. The actual versions of audio and video are out of sync.

　　Sound and sound move at different speeds. When someone speaks, visual and audio input reach our eyes and ears at different times. These signals are then processed at different rates in the brain. Nevertheless, you can still feel that all this is happening in real time.

　　But when the 67-year-old started to live with asynchronous voice and video after PH surgery. PH remembered: "I told my daughter that you have to deal with these two TV sets," PH noticed that he was listening to his own voice before moving his jaw. After scanning his brain, it was found that two brain regions play important roles in hearing, timing and movement.

　　In order to find out the specific reason, Elliott Freeman of the University of London and his colleagues conducted a chronological judgment test. PH showed a series of video clips of talking with people and asked in which scene the sound appeared before or after the lip movement. In order to make him feel that the sound and the image are synchronized, the researcher needs to play the sound 200 milliseconds before the lips move.

　　Freeman said, this means that the external world is perceived by different parts of the brain at the same time, and it occurs at different times. In fact, the brain has many clocks. Two clocks appeared in this experiment. In the case of PH, these brain injuries significantly slowed down at least one clock. The PH hysteresis can be very large and cannot be ignored. He may only perceive one of the clocks, because he is the only clock that consciously perceives.